AP Human Geography Unit 3

Which of the following elements of the cultural landscape are shown in the images?

• Spanish conquistadores’ fortifications, architecture, and forestry

• Classical Roman fortifications, infrastructure, and art

• Buddhist monasteries, gardens, and religious text

• Moorish Islamic art, architecture, and script

• Portuguese universities, design, and gardens

Based on the images shown, which of the following best explains the process of diffusion in relation to the religious history of Spain?

• Southern Spain was once under Muslim control, as indicated by the Islamic architecture of the palace in the images.

• The dome of the palace is evidence of Roman Catholicism, which diffused to Spain through Granada during Italy's rule of the port city.

• The script shown on the building diffused to Spain through Protestant missionaries from Rome who traveled to Spain in the early 1700s.

• The adobe building material indicates the diffusion of Buddhism from China to Granada along early trade routes.

• The opaque patterns on the stained glass windows are evidence of the diffusion of Russian Orthodox architecture, which was brought to Granada during the early sixteenth century by Christian missionaries.

Which of the following statements identifies a cultural trait evident in the photograph?

• The temple reflects the types of food and housing traditionally found in rural Chinese landscapes.

• The people in the area around the temple primarily speak Malay and Arabic.

• The temple reflects typical Buddhist architecture.

• Planners use geographic information systems (GIS) to optimize land use in the city.

• Buddhism is the majority religion of Singaporeans.

The photograph was taken in Singapore. Which of the following statements best describes how the buildings shown in the photograph represent the culture of Singapore?

• The Buddhist temple is a modern structure that represents the recent expansion of Buddhism into Southeast Asia.

• The skyscrapers in the image represent the importance of economic success over religious expression in Singapore.

• The Buddhist temple and skyscrapers represent the effects of sequent occupance on Singapore's cultural landscape.

• The Buddhist temple represents the value of traditional religion in the culture of modern Singapore

• The skyscrapers symbolize the traditional culture of Singapore as an ancient trade port.

The event shown in the image is best explained as

• a combination of traditional, indigenous, and European beliefs in Mexico

• the development of new Internet-based pop culture in the United States

• indigenous American beliefs that have diffused into Spain

• a recent Halloween costume trend in rural regions of the United States

• E

  a traditional funeral procession practiced in Mexican cities

The costumes of the people in the procession are the result of synthesis between religion and ethnicity that

• preserves a single old tradition and perpetuates colonialism

• creates new cultural forms and contributes to a sense of place

• shows a process of assimilation and the loss of culture

• are signs of centripetal forces that promote patriotism

• are indicators of centrifugal forces that can lead to conflict

The map shown was published in the United States in the early twentieth century. The title of the map is an example of

• assimilation

• cultural relativism

• acculturation

• cultural diffusion

• ethnocentrism

Using information from the image, which of the following can be described as identifiable signs and symbols of a Chinese cultural landscape in San Francisco?

• The United States flag and the Taiwanese flag

• The straight streets and the highly ornamental buildings

• signage in English and signage in Chinese

• Cars lining city streets and seafood in restaurants

• Chinese-language signs and Chinese lamps

The image shows the Old City of Jerusalem. Which statement best describes the spatial pattern in the cultural landscape?

• The image shows distinctive cultural areas that represent the five world religions that are practiced in close proximity to one another in the Old City.

• The skyscrapers shown in the image represent a secular landscape that indicates how modern Jerusalem has become.

• The image shows dispersed residential areas, implying that Jerusalem is very densely populated.

• The image shows defensive characteristics of the walled section of the city that remain active today.

• The image indicates that Muslim and Jewish citizens live in close proximity to each other.

Which of the following best explains the use of two languages in this United States highway sign?

• The highway sign is part of a countrywide educational program for language learning.

• The highway sign alerts drivers as they near an international border crossing station.

• The highway sign symbolizes strong political differences within regions of the country.

• The highway sign is a marketing effort of the state's travel and tourism office.

• The highway sign is a representation of the state's multilingual ethnic cultural heritage