Chapter 16.1

The process of morphogenesis:

• must come before differentiation.

• is the process by which different cell types arise.

• is the increase in body size.

• sets the developmental fate of a cell.

• is the shaping of differentiated cells into the multicellular body and its organs.

The fate of a cell during development is:

• entirely controlled by nuclear gene expression.

• independent of gene expression.

• influenced by cytoplasmic determinants.

• determined solely by inducers.

• not altered by reagents that interfere with microtubule formation.

The process that results in spatial organization of an organism or a tissue is called

• apoptosis.

• induction.

• pattern formation.

• differentiation.

• determination.

During embryonic development, which of the following is not a quality of inducer molecules?

• They are generally produced by the same cells they affect.

• They bind to receptors on the plasma membrane of target cells.

• They act through signal transduction pathways.

• They may be proteins.

• Inducer molecules have all of the above qualities.

The process through which cells become specialized in structure and function is

• transcription.

• differentiation.

• gene expression.

• RNA interference.

Homeotic genes are

• regulator genes that bind to operons in prokaryotes.

• master control genes that regulate organs that develop in specific parts of the body.

• parts of the silencing complex that regulates gene action through RNA interference.

• base sequences complementary to sequences in microRNA.

What role do homeobox genes play in cell differentiation?

• They code for transcription factors that activate other genes important in cell development and differentiation.

• They block certain gene expression.

• They cut double-stranded loops into microRNA.

• They attach to a cluster of proteins to form a silencing complex, which binds to and destroys certain RNA

Metamorphosis is

• a series of transformations from one life stage to another.

• the master switch that triggers development and differentiation.

• the product of interactions among homeotic genes.

• the process by which genetic information is passed from one generation to the next.

In multicellular eukaryotes, regulation of gene expression allows for differentiation of cells. 

• True

• False