Text Structure, Cause and Effect, Inference

Which of the following passages has a sequence text structure?

• The Olympic Games started in Greece 3,000 years ago. They took place every four years for hundreds of years. The modern form of the Olympic Games started in 1896. The best athletes from countries all over the world compete. In 2016, the Summer Olympics were held in Brazil.

• Only men were allowed to compete in the original Olympic Games. These men had to be Greek, and they could not be slaves. Slaves, women and people from other countries were excluded from the games.

• The Olympic Games always begin with an opening ceremony, a big show that often includes music and dancing. All of the countries that are playing in the games participate. Athletes march, wearing their countries’ colors.

In a text with a sequence text structure, the author

• describes a topic and its characteristics.

• tells about events in the order they happened.

• explains how things are similar and different.

• describes a problem and then explains how someone solved it.

In a text with a compare and contrast text structure, the author

• explains something that happened and the reasons why.

• tells about events in the order they happened.

• explains how things are similar and different.

• describes a problem and then explains how someone solved it.

In a text with a cause and effect text structure, the author

• explains something that happened and the reasons why.

• tells about events in the order they happened.

• describes a topic and its characteristics.

• describes a problem and then explains how someone solved it.

Many students in the US say that they've been bullied at school. Natalie Hampton is a high school student who was bullied a lot in middle school. She often had no one to sit with at lunch. So she created a phone app called "Sit With Us." This app lets students sign up and post when there are free seats at their lunch tables. These students have promised to be kind to those who come sit with them. Hampton hopes her app will help students find people to sit with without fear of being bullied.

Identify the main text structure

• description

• problem and solution

• cause and effect

• sequence

A river is a large natural stream of flowing water. The source of a river is the place where the river starts. This is usually the highest point in the river. Many rivers begin in springs, places where underground water flows to the Earth’s surface. Some rivers begin in melting glaciers high up in the mountains or in lakes.

• sequence

• cause and effect

• problem and solution

• description

Robots that look like humans are called androids. But not all robots are androids. The industrial robots used in manufacturing and production look like machines and not at all like human beings. So what does an android have in common with an industrial robot? They both have computers. And they both have sensors to gather information and ways to interact with their environments, too.

Identify the main text structure.

• description

• problem and solution

• compare and contrast

• cause and effect

A current is a steady flow of water in the ocean. In the Pacific Ocean, garbage from the shore and ships gets trapped by ocean currents. The currents move the trash into a large area in the middle of the ocean. This has created a swirling mass of plastics and seawater called the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

Identify the Text Structure

• description

• problem and solution

• cause and effect

• sequence/chronological

The Greenland shark can grow to be around 16 feet long. It’s an apex predator, an animal that is at the top of the food chain. No other creatures prey on apex predators. The Greenland shark can live to be about 400 years old, making it the the longest-living vertebrate animal.

Identify the Text Structure

• description

• problem and solution

• cause and effect

• sequence/chronological

Both similes and metaphors ________.

• compare things

• use the words “like” and “as”

• are ways words can rhyme in a poem

• make a story less vivid