exam 2

Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H* into which location in 

eukaryotic cells?

• A) mitochondrial inner membrane

•  B) mitochondrial outer membrane

• C) cytosol

• D) mitochondrial matrix

• E) mitochondrial intermembrane space

 If an enzyme is added to a solution where its substrate and product are in equilibrium, what will occur?

• A) Additional product will be formed.

•  B) Nothing; the reaction will stay at equilibrium

• C) The reaction will change from endergonic to exergonic.

• D) The free energy of the system will change.

• E) Additional substrate will be formed.

 Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule?

• A) glycolysis

•  B) the electron transport chain 

• C) the citric acid cycle 

• D) synthesis of acetyl CoA from pyruvate

• E) reduction of pyruvate to lactate

What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle? 

• A) split water and release oxygen

• C) transport RuBP out of the chloroplast

• B) use ATP to release carbon dioxide

•  E) use NADPH to release carbon dioxide

• D) synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide

During a laboratory experiment, you discover that an enzyme-catalyzed reaction has a AG of 

-20 kcal/mol. If you double the amount of enzyme in the reaction, what will be the AG for the new reaction?

• A) +40 kcal/mol

• B) +20 kcal/mol

• C) -40 kcal/mol

• D) -20 kcal/mol

• E) 0 kcal/mol

Which of the following is most similar in structure to ATP?

• A) a phospholipid

• B) an RNA nucleotide

• C) a DNA nucleotide

• D) an amino acid with three phosphate groups attached

• E) a pentose sugar

Where does the Calvin cycle take place? 

• A) cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplast

•  B) interior of the thylakoid (thylakoid space)

• C) stroma of the chloroplast

• D) thylakoid membrane

•  E) outer membrane of the chloroplast 

Whenever energy is transformed, there is always an increase in the 

• A) entropy of the universe.

• B) entropy of the system.

•  C) free energy of the universe.

• E) enthalpy of the universe. 

•  D) free energy of the system. 

 The active site of an enzyme is the region that 

• A) is involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme.

• B) is inhibited by the presence of a coenzyme or a cofactor.

• C) binds allosteric regulators of the enzyme.

•  D) binds noncompetitive inhibitors of the enzyme.

Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved?

• A) It is found in prokaryotic cells but not in eukaryotic cells.

• B) It requires the presence of membrane-enclosed cell organelles found only in eukaryotic 

  cells. 

• C) It relies on chemiosmosis, which is a metabolic mechanism present only in the first cells' prokaryotic cells

• D) It does not involve organelles or specialized structures, does not require oxygen, and is present in most organisms.

• E) It produces much less ATP than does oxidative phosphorylation.