Gravity & Orbits

How does Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation describe the relationship between gravity and mass?

• As mass increases, gravitational force increases

• As mass increases, gravitational force decreases

• As mass increases, gravitational force does not change

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According to Newton's 2nd Law of Motion...

• An object at rest will stay at rest unless acted on by a force

• The more mass an object has, the more force will be required to accelerate it

• Every action has an equal and opposite reaction

• Gravity accelerates all objects at a constant rate

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The force experienced by an object due to gravity is called its...

• Mass

• Acceleration

• Weight

• Velocity

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Why do objects in Space take curved orbital paths?

• Massive objects bend Space and time

• The gravity of planets and stars oppose one another

• Ellipses are the most efficient orbital shape

• Black holes bend Space to form circular orbits

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Why are smaller objects in Space, such as asteroids, irregularly shaped?

• They do not have enough internal gravity to overcome their shape natural shape

• They become dented due to collisions with other objects

• They are internally fluid so gravity bends them into irregular shapes

• They are older and have become eroded over time

According to Kepler's Law of Ellipses...

• The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci

• The greater the distance between the foci, the less eccentric the ellipse

• The greater the distance between the foci, the more circular the ellipse

• An ellipse with an eccentricity of 1 is a circle

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How does orbital velocity scale with distance?

• Objects closer to the Sun have greater orbital velocity

• Object further from the Sun have less orbital velocity

• Orbital velocity does not scale with distance

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Planets outside our Solar System are called...

• Exoplanets

• Trans-Neptunian Objects

• Dwarf Planets

• Worlds

How can scientists detect exoplanets using telescopes?

• By observing the brightness of stars as exoplanets pass in front of them

• By measuring solar radiation from exoplanets

• By measuring redshift from exoplanets

• By observing cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB)

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