Cell Signaling

Many signal transduction pathways use second messengers to:

• transport a signal through the lipid bilayer portion of the plasma membrane

• relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell

• relay the message from the inside of the membrane throughout the cytoplasm

• amplify the message by phosphorylating proteins

Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?

• cAMP

• G proteins

• phosphodiesterase

• protein kinase

A signal molecule that binds to a receptor is a

• ligand
• second messenger
• protein kinase
• receptor protein

The 3 steps of signal transduction in order are

• reception, transduction, response
• response, transduction, reception
• reception, response, transduction
• transduction, reception, response

What is being depicted in the image?

• Amplification of the signal molecule

• Enzymatic proteins inhibiting process of the signal transduction pathway

• Kinase groups adding dimer groups to other enzymes

• Diffusion of molecules within the cell due to the signaling molecule

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

Match each letter with the correct cell structure or process it represents in the diagram.

• Signal transduction pathway

• B

• Cell membrane

• D

• Ligand (signaling molecule)

• E

• Cellular response

• C

• Receptor protein

• A

Which letter represents the plasma membrane receptor protein?

• A

• B

• C

• D

• E

Which letter represents the ligand?

• A

• B

• C

• D

• E

1.  Each of the following numbered processes are involved in signal transduction pathways:  
 I.  Response  
II.  Amplification  
 III.  Reception  
IV.  Transduction
Which of the following represents the sequence of events in a typical signal transduction pathway?

• I, II, III, IV
• III, I, IV, II
• II, IV, I, III
• III, IV, II, I

Protein kinases activate other relay proteins by adding a(n) ____ to them.

• phosphate
• ATP molecule
• cAMP
• GTP