Acids and Bases

Bronsted-Lowry acids

• accept protons

• accept hydronium ions

• donate hydroxide ions

• donate protons

These are characteristics of acids.

• taste sour

• taste bitter

• reacts with hydroxides to form water and a salt

• change litmus paper red

• react with metals to form hydrogen gas

These are characteristics of bases.

• taste bitter

• Bronsted-Lowry proton donor

• feel slippery

• pH <7

• change indicators blue

Determine the hydroxide ion concentration of a solution with a pH of 4.

• 1 x 10⁻¹⁰ M

• 4 M

• 1 x 10 ⁻⁴ M

• 10 M

Determine the pH of a 0.0100 M NaOH solution.

• 1 x 10⁻¹

• 12

• 1 x 10⁻³

• 2

What would be the pH of an acid if the hydronium ion concentration is 2×10−11

• 3

• 11

• 1

• 5 x 10⁻⁴ M

In a neutral solution, the [OH⁻¹] is

• 10 ⁻¹⁴ M

• 1 x 10⁷ M

• 7

• equal to [H₃O⁺]

What is the formula for sulfurous acid?

• H₂SO₃

• H₂SO₄

• H₂S

• HSO₃

For a water solution to be basic, what must be true?

• [H3O+] > [OH–]

• [H3O+] = [OH–]

• [H3O+] < [OH–]

• None of these must be true.

What happens if the pH of a solution changes from 3 to 5?

• Hydronium ions increase by a factor of 10

• Hydroxide ions increase by a factor of 100.

• Hydronium ions decrease by 1/2.

• Hydroxide ions double.