Unit 3- Rocks & Minerals Test Review

This rock was formed when magma cooled very slowly inside the Earth. What specific type of rock is it?

• Intrusive Igneous Rock

• Extrusive Igneous Rock

• Foliated Metamorphic Rock

• Clastic Sedimentary Rock

Answer explanation

The rock formed from magma cooling slowly inside the Earth is classified as an Intrusive Igneous Rock. This type of rock crystallizes beneath the surface, resulting in larger mineral grains compared to Extrusive Igneous Rocks.

This rock formed when lava cooled very quickly on Earth's surface. What specific type of rock is it?

• Extrusive Igneous Rock

• Intrusive Igneous Rock

• Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rock

• Biochemical Sedimentary Rock

Answer explanation

The rock formed from lava cooling quickly on Earth's surface is classified as an Extrusive Igneous Rock. This type of rock solidifies rapidly, unlike Intrusive Igneous Rocks, which cool slowly beneath the surface.

What process is used to form sedimentary rocks?

• Lava cools and hardens to form a rock.

• Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Compaction, Cementation

• Extreme heat and pressure from inside the Earth turn rocks into new rocks.

• Magma trapped under the Earth's surface cools and solidifies.

Answer explanation

Sedimentary rocks form through the processes of weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation, where sediments accumulate and are compacted over time, unlike igneous or metamorphic rocks formed by different processes.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

When metamorphic rocks are formed, the extreme pressure is usually caused by the _______.

• gravity in the atmosphere

• collision and subduction of tectonic plates

• the fiery hot magma in the Earth's mantle

• height of the mountains

Answer explanation

Metamorphic rocks form under extreme pressure, primarily due to the collision of tectonic plates. This process causes significant stress and heat, transforming existing rocks into metamorphic ones.

What are the two main types of metamorphic rocks and how are they different?

• intrusive and extrusive; intrusive rocks are formed inside the earth and extrusive rocks are formed on the surface

• foliated and nonfoliated; foliated rocks do not have visible bands/layers and nonfoliated rocks do have visible bands/layers

• intrusive and extrusive; intrusive rocks are formed on the earth's surface and extrusive rocks are formed in the Earth

• foliated and nonfoliated; foliated rocks have visible bands/layers and nonfoliated rocks do not have visible bands/layers

Answer explanation

The correct answer is foliated and nonfoliated. Foliated rocks have visible bands or layers due to the alignment of minerals, while nonfoliated rocks do not exhibit this layering, making them distinct in their formation and appearance.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

What does clastic mean?

• Compacted sediment

• Magma made the rock

• The rock has crystals 

Answer explanation

Clastic refers to rocks formed from compacted sediment, which includes fragments of other rocks and minerals. This distinguishes them from igneous rocks formed from magma or those with crystals.

Does this rock display Coarse or Fine grained crystals?

• coarse

• fine

Answer explanation

The rock displays coarse-grained crystals, which are larger and more easily visible to the naked eye. Fine-grained crystals are smaller and require magnification to see clearly, making 'coarse' the correct choice.

A mineral's resistance to being scratched is called?

• streak

• luster

• hardness

• heft

Answer explanation

A mineral's resistance to being scratched is referred to as its hardness. This property is measured on the Mohs scale, which ranks minerals based on their ability to scratch one another.

Which mineral property is being shown here?

• luster

• hardness

• cleavage

• streak

Answer explanation

The streak of a mineral is the color of its powder when scraped on a porcelain plate. This property helps identify minerals, especially when their color varies. Therefore, the correct answer is streak.

Which minerals would all scratch apatite?

• diamond, topaz, quartz

• quartz, calcite, gypsum

• fluorite, talc, calcite

• diamond, fluorite, corundum

Answer explanation

Apatite has a hardness of 5 on the Mohs scale. Diamond (10), topaz (8), and quartz (7) are all harder and can scratch apatite, making 'diamond, topaz, quartz' the correct choice.