DNA, Genetics & Evolution Review Biology

This diagram shows a cladogram of six species based on amino acid similarities.

Which two species are the most closely related?

• I and II

• II and IV

• I and V

• V and VI

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

Which would most likely produce a mutation that is passed on to offspring?

• radiation changing the DNA sequence in skin cells

• a gamete with an extra chromosome forming

• tobacco smoke altering the genes in lung cells

• exposure to chemicals altering nerve cell function

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

This diagram shows the DNA fingerprints of a baby and four couples.

A hospital wants to identify the parents of a baby. Based on the DNA fingerprints, which couple is most likely the parents of the baby?

• Couple W

• Couple Z

• Couple Y

• Couple X

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Which is a step in the process of producing transgenic bacteria?

• A plasmid is used to replace a faulty gene in a human cell
• A chain of bacterial amino acids is inserted into  human DNA
• A human gene is inserted into a bacterial plasmid
• A mutation is produced in a bacterial cell

The diagram below shows a phylogenetic tree for animals.

Which two groups of organisms have the most genetic differences?

• rotifers and nematodes

• mollusks and annelids

• mollusks and arthropods

• echinoderms and chordates

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

A segment of DNA has this sequence: ATA GCA CAT GTA

What is the mRNA sequence transcribed from this segment?

• TAT CGT GTA CAT

• TAT GCT CTA GAT

• UAU CGU GUA CAU

• UAU GCU CUA CAU

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

What is the difference between the full classification of organisms and their scientific names?

• The full classification of organisms and their scientific names vary in different countries.

• The scientific names of organisms include the order and family of the organisms, but the full classification includes only the species name.

• The scientific names of organisms include a single nomenclature, but the full classification includes various nomenclatures.

• The full classification of organisms will include more categories of organisms than their scientific names.

The use of pesticides on crops has been a common farming practice for decades. What has been the greatest effect of natural selection through the use of pesticides on certain insect populations?

• Natural selection has been altered because the insects and their predators are killed.

• The rate of selection is increased because the pesticides do not kill the insects that are naturally resistant to it.

• The rate of selection has decreased because the pesticides kill only young insects.

• The pesticides have altered natural selection by causing the insect DNA to spontaneously mutate.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

NGSS.HS-LS4-5

This chart shows which amino acids are coded for by different combinations of mRNA nucleotides.

Which amino acids are coded for by an mRNA sequence that reads CAG GUG?

• arginine and valine

• isoleucine and arginine

• glutamine and valine

• valine and isoleucine

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

The inheritance of short wings in Drosophila fruit flies is an x-linked recessive trait. Which would most likely result if a short-winged female mates with a long-winged male?

• All offspring will be short-winged.

• All females will be long-winged, and all males will be short-winged.

• All females will be short-winged, and all males will be long-winged.

• Half of the males and females will be short-winged and half will be long-winged.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1