Geoscience Semester Review

According to the ________________, all of the matter and energy in the Universe was once condensed into a single, incredibly dense point, which then exploded and began to expand in all directions.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

When a galaxy is moving away from Earth, the wavelength of light it is giving off is…

• stretched

• shorter

• what?

• I need to study

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

NGSS.HS-PS4-1

What can we conclude from the observation that nearly all galaxies are moving away from us?

• the Universe is growing

• The Universe is expanding

• There is more galaxies than what we originally though

• The Universe will explode

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

According to the Big Bang theory of the origin of the universe, the universe has expanded from a hot dense state into a vast, cooler state. What would be considered scientific evidence supporting this theory?

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

Consider the nuclear reaction that takes place in the sun. Two nuclides of hydrogen fuse to form helium. Is helium the only product of this reaction? If no, identify any additional products.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-1

NGSS.HS-ESS1-3

Describe what is the relationship between temperature/color, brightness and life expectancy?

The relationship between temperature/color and (brightness or lifetime) in the HR diagram is that...

Hydrogen burning is the stellar process that results in the nuclear fusion of four protons to form a nucleus of helium-4. Not only is helium produced but energy is released and a star is born. The heat generated from nuclear fusion causes pressure that balances the inward forces due to gravity. At this point, the star is a main sequence star, until it uses up its hydrogen fuel. Once the hydrogen core is converted, the core contracts and internal temperatures increase, the star expand, and is now a giant. Giants continue to evolve, fusing helium nuclei into carbon, then oxygen, iron and nickel. Up to this point nucleosynthesis releases energy. 

The formation of elements heavier than iron and nickel requires the input of energy. We know that there ARE elements more massive than iron and nickel. How might the evolution of stars contribute to the formation of these heavier elements?

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-3

What stage is currently Antares?

• white dwarf

• main sequence

• red giants

• red super giants

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-3

Antares is still producing energy and elements through the process of nuclear fusion. What will be the heaviest element Antares will produce?

• Hydrogen

• Helium

• Iron (Fe)

• Carbon

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-3

Think about Antares current stage and how the star might end. Explain the last cycle of Antares. (hint: the star can have two endings)

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-3