TX Biology Fall Final Practice 2022 version

When the skin comes in contact with an irritant, receptors in the skin send signals to the spinal cord. The signal is then sent to the brain for processing, and the individual begins to scratch the affected area. Which two systems are most likely interacting when a person experiences itching caused by a skin irritant?

• Circulatory and excretory

• Integumentary and nervous

• Digestive and muscular

• Respiratory and lymphatic

During the cell cycle, proteins called cyclins bind to enzymes that send signals for the cell to progress through stages of cell replication. At the end of this cycle, the cyclins degrade to prevent further signaling for the cell to divide.

Uncontrolled production of cyclins will most likely result in —

• the formation of tumors

• the immediate death of the cell

• the transfer of cyclins to other cells

• the formation of haploid cells

An illustration of how a particular DNA mutation will most likely affect the polypeptide produced is shown.

What type of mutation is illustrated?

• Insertion

• Translocation

• Substitution

• Deletion

Which property is shared by the cells of all living things?

• The cells contain DNA composed of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.

• The cells are surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer and a cell wall made of cellulose.

• The cells have chromosomes that are located inside a membrane-bound nucleus.

• The cells rely on mitochondria to carry out aerobic cellular respiration

The life cycle of a frog is illustrated in the diagram.

Which statement best explains how the cell cycle is important to the life cycle of the frog?

• It enables frogs to produce tadpoles that are clones

• It allows frogs to grow, develop, and reproduce.

• It prevents overproduction of frog offspring.

• It ensures the best adapted frogs survive and pass on traits to offspring.

Which graphic organizer best compares the energy inputs and outputs of cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

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A segment of DNA is shown in the diagram.

Which of these identifies the part of the DNA segment labeled X?

• Nucleotide

• Phosphate group

• Hydrogen bond

• Deoxyribose

Which statements best compare the function of an ATP molecule to a DNA molecule?

• ATP carries and transmits the genetic information of organisms. DNA serves as a biological catalyst that speeds up the rate of chemical reactions.

• ATP provides energy for chemical reactions in the cell. DNA carries and transmits the genetic information of organisms.

• ATP serves as a biological catalyst that speeds up the rate of chemical reactions. DNA acts as a structural sugar in the cell walls of plants.

• ATP acts as a structural sugar in the cell walls of plants. DNA provides energy for chemical reactions in the cell.

Students created note cards comparing characteristics of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Which set of note cards most accurately compares these cells?

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Which statement describes the process of osmosis in an animal cell?

• Sugar molecules move across the plasma membrane until the cell has enough energy to grow in size and divide.

• Water molecules move across the plasma membrane until solute concentrations are equal on both sides of the membrane.

• Ions move across the plasma membrane until the inside of the cell has a higher concentration of positive charges.

• Enzymes move across the plasma membrane until the cell has completed metabolism.