HOA - Greek & Roman Architecture

Era of delicate outlines, perfected proportions and refined treatment.

The first manifestation was a wooden structure of upright posts supporting beams and sloping rafters

• MODERN ERA

• Greek (800-300 B.C.)

• HELLENIC PERIOD

• Roman (300 B.C. - 365 A.D.)

Answer explanation

Greek (800-300 B.C.) ▪

Major public buildings were built with limestone and marble. Blocks of stone were held in place by bronze or iron pins set into molten lead.

Phases of Greek Architecture

• Aegean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic

• Doric, Ionic, Corinthian

• Tuscan, Composite

▪Structures were generally rough and massive.

▪ Use of corbelled arch.

• HELLENISTIC

• HELLENIC

• AEGEAN

Answer explanation

AEGEAN PERIOD ▪ ▪Cyclopean walls: large stones without mortar, on clay bedding.

▪ Megaron: single-storey dwelling with a central room and porticoed entrance; columns support roof; thalamus (bedroom).

What does the term "Tholos" mean?

• Columns

• Tombs/Beehive Tomb

• Temples

• Church

This phase pertains to ancient Greek history, culture and art.

▪ The temple became the chief building type.

"Columnar and trabeated"

• HELLENIC

• AEGEAN

• HELLENISTIC

Answer explanation

HELLENIC PERIOD

"Temple" is the chief building type

▪ Refinements to correct optical illusion (entasis, swelling of columns)

▪ Structures were ornamented with sculptures, colors, and mural paintings.

Known as the "City on the height."

In classical Greek architecture, a city stronghold or fortress constructed on higher ground than surrounding urban fabric.

• Persia

• Atlantis

• Acropolis

• Greece

Answer explanation

"Acropolis of Athens"

1 Parthenon

3 Erechtheum

4 Statue of Athena Promachos

5 Propylaea

6 Temple of Athena Nike

12 Altar of Athena

15 Odeon of Herodes Atticus 16 Stoa of Eumenes

18 Theatre of Dionysus Eleuthereus

19 Odeon of Pericles

The sacred area or enclosure surrounding a classical Greek temple.

• Sarcophagus

• Tholos

• Propylea

• Temenos

A monumental gateway to a sacred enclosure, fortification, town or square.

• Propylaea

• Tholos

• Epinaos

• Temenos

Answer explanation

"Propylae" = Greek Gateway

"Pylon" = Egyptian Gateway

"Panaque" = Gateway of the Philippines

Located in Athens, Greece

Architects: Ictinus and Callicrates.

Built in honor of Athena, the city’s patron goddess.

• Pantheon

• Temple of Athena

• Parthenon

• Acropolis

Answer explanation

PARTHENON

- Built for Goddess: Athena

Architects: Ictinus and Callicrates Parthenon

Used the proportion 2n+1 in determining the number of columns on the sides of a temple (n=number of columns at front)

Identify part "A" of the Parthenon/Greek temple

• Naos or cella

• Pronaos or anticum

• Epinaos or posticum

Answer explanation

Pronaos or anticum, an open vestibule before the cella