Semester Exam Review

Water has the ability to store heat longer than other substances and moderate temperature. This property allows water in cells to absorb much heat without changing. What benefit does this property of water provide to organisms?

• It provides the ability to dissolve nonpolar compounds.

• It enables organisms to function with a higher cellular pH.

• It provides the appropriate catalyst for chemical reactions.

• It allows organisms to maintain a stable internal temperature or homeostasis.

There are four types of biological molecules. The structure below is one of the four biological molecules. Identify the structure below and match it to its function.

• Lipids; insulates the body

• Protein; lowers the activation energy

• Nucleic Acid; stores genetic information

• Carbohydrate; provides short-term energy

What is the relationship between nucleic acids and proteins?

• Proteins and nucleic acids are not related.

• Proteins and nucleic acids are used to create ATP for the cell.

• Proteins are made from the instructions contained in nucleic acids.

• Proteins are long chains of amino acids that combine to form nucleic acids.

Use the diagram below to answer the following question. Many of the proteins in the human body are enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions. Which reaction has a catalyst/enzyme and what is its effect on the activation energy?

• Reaction 1 has an enzyme; it decreases the activation energy of the product and speeds it up.

• Reaction 1 has an enzyme; it increases the activation energy of the reaction and speeds it up.

• Reaction 2 has an enzyme; it decreases the activation energy of the reaction and speeds it up.

• Both Reaction 1 and Reaction 2 have an enzyme; there is no effect on the activation energy.

Which structures are found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• DNA, ribosomes, and cell wall

• plasma/cell membrane, nucleus, and DNA

• plasma/cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

• plasma/cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes

Use the information and the diagram below to answer the following question. Animal cells contain an organelle that helps release energy. A diagram of this organelle is shown below. Which function would the energy-releasing organelle most likely have in the animal cell?

• Cellular control

• Cellular respiration

• Storage of nutrients

• Removal of waste

The following cell structures are located within cells that make proteins. Which description best explains the relationship among these cell structures and their functions?

·         Nucleus

·         Ribosome

·         Endoplasmic reticulum

• Nucleus makes proteins, protein winds through the ER, protein transported to other parts of the cell

• Nucleus directs ER to assemble the protein, ribosomes surround protein, protein transported to other parts of the cell

• ER creates protein, DNA in the nucleus codes for ribosomes to surround protein, protein transported to other parts of the cell

• DNA in nucleus codes for protein, protein assembled in ribosome and moves to ER, protein transported to other parts of the cell

The overall equation for anaerobic cellular respiration is       

• C6H12O6 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + 36 ATP

• C6H12O6 + O2 --> Ethyl alcohol + 36 ATP

• CO2 + H2O --> C6H12O6 + O2

• C6H12O6 --> CO2 + Lactic acid + 2 ATP

Look at the diagram of a cross-section of a cell membrane below. The cell membrane controls movement of materials into and out of the cell. The following particles are too large to enter and move from high concentration to low concentration using a protein channel. How would you describe this type of movement across the membrane?

• simple osmosis

• active transport

• simple diffusion

• facilitated diffusion

Which of the following statements best describes the Semiconservative model of DNA replication?

• one-half of the molecules with two parental strands and one-half of the molecules with two new strands

• all molecules with interspersed parental and new segments

• all molecules with two new strands

• all molecules with one parental and one new strand