AP evolution 2023-1

muscles that cause goose bumps in humans have no real function but do in other mammals

• Embryology

• fossils

• homology

• vestigial organs

• biochemistry

Which of the following explains how natural selection causes a trait to become predominant in a population?

• Individuals with traits that are favorable to the environment reproduce more.
• Traits of an individual change in order to adapt to changes in enviornment.
• organisms select which traits they wish to inherit
• all of these answers

Which of the following evolutionary forces can introduce new genetic variation into a population?

• natural selection and non-random mating
• natural selection and genetic drift
• mutation and genetic drift
• mutation and gene flow

The wing of a bat and a humans' arm have different functions and appear very different. Yet, the underlying anatomy is basically the same. therefore, these structures are examples of

• geographic isolation

• analogous structures

• homologous structures

• reproductive isolation

Human newborns usually weigh between 6-8 pounds

• stabilizing selection
• directional selection
• disruptive selection
• sexual selection

The population of peppered moths in England changed from white to black in 50 years

• stabilizing selection

• sexual selection

• directional selection

Which statement correctly explains how resistance to penicillin appeared after a few years of its widespread use to fight bacterial infection? 

• in order to survive exposure to penicillin, bacteria developed a resistance to the drug 
• a few bacteria became resistant to penicillin, and through sexual reproduction , most bacteria acquired the resistance
• penicillin never really successfully wiped out populations of bacteria, scientist did not use proper controls in their studies
• some bacteria were resistant to penicillin and their population spread rapidly, without competition from bacteria that were killed by penicillin

What evidence of evolution?  Giraffes have the same number of vertebrae in the neck as do humans?

• comparative anatomy
• comparative biochemistry
• comparative embryology
• geographic distribution

What evidence of evolution? Human embryos have tails

• comparative embryology
• comparative anatomy
• comparative biochemistry
• geographic distribution

Who came up with the theory of Natural Selection?

• Lamark
• Darwin
• Watson and Crick
• Goodall