Ch. 13: Toward a Global Economy

How did Italian city-states such as Venice and Genoa trade?

• They carried slaves to the Americas and brought back raw materials, such as silver and tobacco.

• They purchased bulk goods, such as grains and wool, from merchants in the Hanseatic League.

• They bought Asian and African luxury goods from Muslims from the Middle East.

• They exchanged raw materials and manufactured goods exclusively with each other.

Trade helped Europe recover from the economic damage caused in the 1300s by

• the Crusades.

• the Great Fire.

• the Reformation.

• the Black Death.

What political change took place in Spain, Portugal, England, and France in the 1400s and 1500s?

• Knights established councils to limit the power of the monarchs.

• Kings gained power at the expense of local nobles and the Church.

• City-states used their new economic power to achieve their independence.

• Power to make laws passed from royal families to the growing middle class.

Why did Portugal and Spain decide to invest in exploration?

• They wanted nothing more than the pride of being first to discover new lands.

• They hoped to find a new way to the Holy Land so they could gain control of it from the Muslims.

• They wanted to bypass the Muslim and Italian traders who controlled the luxury trade from Asia.

• They hoped to encourage people from other regions to move there, in order to build up their populations.

How did religion play a role in European exploration?

• Europeans wished to bring Christianity to non-Christians.

• Europeans wanted to learn more about other world religions.

• Europeans sought a place where they could prac,ce Chris,anity freely.

• Europeans wanted to strengthen the Muslim empire led by the O<oman Turks.

What did Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro have in common?

• They both discovered routes to the Pacific Ocean.

• They both traveled in order to spread their religion.

• They both led voyages sponsored by the king of England.

• They both conquered powerful empires in the Americas.

In the late 1500s, why did the Dutch attack Spanish ships in the Caribbean?

• to maintain a monopoly of trade with Asia

• to take the silver that the ships were carrying

• to protect Dutch settlements from Spanish attacks

• to prevent the sailors from spreading deadly diseases

What was the principal cause of death among American Indians after the arrival of explorers and settlers from Europe?

• disease

• warfare

• overwork

• imprisonment

What role did some African states play in the slave trade?

• Some African states appealed to the pope to make slavery illegal.

• Some African states delivered slaves from the interior to the coast.

• Some African states transported slaves across the Atlantic Ocean.

• Some African states taught potential slaves the new skills they would need.

How did the Columbian Exchange bring change in Europe?

• Europe experienced a massive migration of people from the Americas.

• Europeans could use coins for the first ,me, now that they had gold and silver from the Americas.

• American food plants such as corn and potatoes improved Europeans' diets.

• Transportation in Europe improved because of horses brought from the Americas.