Human-Microbe Interactions (Microbiome)

What is NOT a typical anaerobe that lives in the gut?

• Bifidobacterium

• Clostridium

• Lactobacillus

• All bacteria here are anaerobes

When doing microbiome research, metatranscriptomics tells you...

• What types of bacteria are there?

• What genetic pathways are activated in bacteria?

• What proteins are being produced?

• What are the chemical outcomes of these bacteria?

Gut microbes like Bacteroides fragilis produce toxins linked to...

• bowel cancer

• dental cavities

• burn wounds

• brain cancer

A surprising way to increase microbiome diversity is...

• taking antibiotics

• a low-fiber diet

• owning a dog or cat as a kid

• a high-sugar diet

Classical and next-generation probiotics provide all of these benefits, except...

• increased gut barrier function

• reduced inflammation

• glucose homeostasis

• lower sensitivity to insulin

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

A key microbe involved in yogurt production is...

• Streptococcus pyogenes

• Streptococcus thermophilus

• Streptococcus pneumoniae

• Streptococcus agalactiae

A major step of yogurt production is...

• Increase in pH

• Conversion of lactose into lactic acid

• Incubating grains in milk

• Increase in levels of reducing sugars

Hemolysins degrade...

• red blood cells

• platelets

• macrophages

• all of the above

On a blood agar plate, alpha hemolysis causes...

• nothing, it's a negative control

• full transparency

• partial transparency

• unpredictable levels of transparency

What is FALSE about Streptococcus pyogenes?

• it can cause strep throat

• it causes full clearing on a blood agar plate

• its capsule makes it more vulnerable to phagocytosis

• streptolysins are its virulence factor