Cluster 2 Review

Rocks near the ocean get broken into smaller pieces. What causes this change to these rocks?

• Leaves falling from trees

• Clouds forming in the sky

• Waves crashing against the rocks

• Salt dissolving in the water

Which of the following processes will most likely contribute to the development of soil?

• Volcanic eruptions that make new land

• Building up of snow in very cold areas

• Migrations of animals to warmer climates

• Breaking down of rock by wind, water, and ice

The organic matter in soil comes mostly from plants. Which of the following locations would most likely produce soil with the greatest amount of organic matter?

• A desert with very high temperatures

• A prairie with lots of grasses and flowers

• A mountain with extremely cold winds

• A river with quickly moving water

Soil is composed of all of these natural materials EXCEPT:

• Weathered rock

• Plant matter

• Plastic substances

• Animal remains

Students wanted to investigate soil formation by seeing how rocks are weathered. They shook rocks in a jar of water and measured their mass after every 20 shakes. Which of the following is a reasonable prediction for the mass of the rocks after 100 shakes?

• 166 g

• 157 g

• 141 g

• 100 g

A volcano can directly change Earth's surface by-

• adding heat to the atmosphere

• building up layers of hardened lava

• releasing water vapor into the air

• shooting out clouds of ash and smoke

Which of the following is one way an earthquake affects the Earth?

• Large cracks suddenly form in the ground

• A big rock slowly moves across the land

• Hills of sand form as the wind blows

• A large amount of heat rises into the air

A student gathered some rocks and soil to model the effects of a landslide. What is the best way to model how a landslide changes the Earth's surface?

• Pack the materials into a closed container and shake them rapidly

• Sift the materials through a strainer to separate the rocks and soil

• Place the materials on a sloping surface and pour water on them

• Spread the materials on a flat surface and blow on them with a straw

Which would be an example of a rapid change to the Earth's surface?

• A mountain forming due to volcanic eruptions

• A valley getting deeper as a river runs through it

• A plain forming cracks when hot weather makes it dry

• A hill rising as the wind piles up loose sand

The picture shows an island in the middle of the ocean that increased in size in only a few weeks. Which of the following most likely caused this rapid change in the island?

• Weathering of rocks

• Movement of waves

• Eruptions of a volcano

• Piling up of sand