Refugee - Chapters 1-9

“The shadows” is repeated multiple times on pages two and three. What effect did the author create by referring to them as "shadows"?

• To create a sense of anger for the reader.

• To create a sense of confusion and fear for the reader.

• To highlight the fact that Josef's family is in a new home.

• To prove that the events are happening at night.

How did the event of the Storm Troopers impact Josef's family?

• It showed how weak Josef's father was.

• It made Josef realize that he did not want to grow up and be a man.

• It made Josef's mother prove her love and devotion to the family.

• It forced Josef's family to finally decide to leave Germany.

In Chapter 2, the author uses a description of a cat to show what life was like in Cuba. Choose one detail from the text that best describes what life was like in Cuba.

• “The cat was hungry, just like everyone else in Cuba, and its belly quickly won out over its fear” (Gratz 7).

• “It took only two tries to get the scrawny calico kitten to come out from under the pink cinderblock house and eat from Isabel Fernandez’s hand” (Gratz 7).

• "The cat was so tiny, it could only nibble at the beans" (Gratz 7).

• "The kitten gobbled up the last of the beans and mewed pitifully" (Gratz 7).

Read the following excerpt from chapter 2: "Isabel was listening for the clave underneath the music, the mysterious hidden beat inside Cuban music that everybody seemed to hear but her. An irregular rhythm that lay over the top of the regular beat, like a heartbeat beneath the skin" (Gratz 11)

What type of figurative language is the underlined portion?

• Metaphor -- comparing two unlike things directly

• Idiom -- a phrase that cannot be determined by its literal meaning

• Simile -- comparing to unlike things using like or as

• Hyperbole -- an extreme exaggeration

The text says, “If you were caught trying to leave for el norte by boat, Castro would throw you in jail” (Gratz 10). Which detail best shows why people were willing to risk it in order to escape?

• “People broke into the Havana Zoo” (Gratz 8).

• “Most of the farms in Cuba grew only sugarcane” (Gratz 8).

• “All the cows and pigs and sheep had been slaughtered” (Gratz 8).

• “Without Russia’s gas, they couldn’t run the tractors to change the fields over to food, and without the extra food, the Cuban people began to starve” (Gratz 8).

The author repeats the word "invisible" throughout Mahmoud's chapter. What is the author's purpose behind using this word over and over again?

• To convince the reader that Mahmoud has given up on life.

• To show that Mahmoud is feeling sad about losing his friend.

• To help the reader understand that Mahmoud believes if he goes unnoticed, he can survive.

• To encourage the reader to ignore Mahmoud's thoughts on war.

The text says, “Syria was ruled by Bashar al-Assad, who had twice been ‘elected’

president when no one was allowed to run against him” (Gratz 14).

Why is the word elected in quotation marks?

• To show that it is an important word in understanding politics and government.

• To show the reader that the Syrian government was corrupt and elections weren't legally done.

• To show that Assad was an important president.

• To highlight the fact that Syria had elections like democratic countries to choose a leader.

How did the death of Khalid impact Mahmoud's character?

• It made him want to live life to the fullest knowing that life is short.

• It made Mahmoud angry and want to get back at the government for killing his friend.

• It made Mahmoud turn off all emotions and close himself off from others.

• It made Mahmoud bond with his brother more and keep his family close.

Choose the BEST evidence from the text to support your previous answer about Mahmoud.

• "Even though their apartment wasn’t far away, Mahmoud led Waleed on a different route

  home every day" (Gratz 13).

• "With a battle cry that would have made Wolverine proud, Mahmoud had launched himself at

  Khalid’s attackers" (Gratz 16).

• "That’s when Mahmoud had realized that together,

  he and Khalid were bigger targets; alone, it was easier to be invisible" (Gratz 17).

• "The war had made Mahmoud nervous. Twitchy. Paranoid. It had made his little brother a

  robot" (Gratz 13).

What does the following action reveal about Josef:

"Without these stupid armbands, without the letter J stamped on his passport, would anyone know he was Jewish? Josef decided to find out" (Gratz 18).

• That Josef wants to put his family's safety at risk.

• That Josef is curious and wants to challenge the rules.

• That Josef has no fear of Hitler or what punishment he will receive if caught.

• That he is unaware of the consequences if he gets caught.