Text Structure

Building a Campfire

Sitting around a campfire is a classic

summer camping tradition. Before you

can tell scary stories, though, you will

need to build your fire. Begin by

gathering fire wood from around your

camp. In addition to wood, you will need

other tinder like pine needles, bark, or

dead plants to help ignite the fire. Then,

dig a small pit for your fire and build a

ring of stone around it for maximum

safety. Place your wood and tinder into

the pit and start the fire using an

ignition source such as a match. Once

ignited, slightly blow on your flame to

build heat. When you have a flame, use

large pieces of firewood to build a

teepee. Now sit back and relax in front

of your roaring campfire!

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Choose 3 words or phrases that provided clues to the text structure: Sequence/ Chronological Order

• Sitting

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Lodging Options For All

Are you the type of camper who enjoys the

outdoors and wants to snooze under the

stars with only the cover of a fabric tent?

Or are you an indoor camper, who prefers the

safety of a cabin and a roof over your head?

You are sure to have a blast with both

choices. If you choose to camp in a tent, be

prepared to spend an hour or two setting up

your temporary lodge. On the other hand,

cabin-goers just need to open their front

door and plop down their belongings. Think

about where you keep your food. A cabin often

has a hinge and latching door, whereas a tent

will need to be zipped shut. Hungry animals can

usually find their way into both if they try hard

enough. If you are sleeping in a tent while

camping, bundle up under your sleeping bag.

The cabin residents, however, can cozy up on

their cots with sheets and blankets. Which

lodging option is right for you?

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Look at the passage again. Of the highlighted text options, choose 3 words or phrases that provided clues to the text structure: Compare/ Contrast

• prefers

• choices

• On the other hand

• Whereas

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Being Prepared while Camping

Before you head out the door for a

camping trip, gather the appropriate

supplies. If you are prepared for

accidents, your camping trip will go off

without a hitch. However, if you don’t have

the right gear, your camping trip may end

more quickly than you hoped. Sometimes

weather moves in rapidly. Rain can dampen

your plans, your clothes, and your sleeping

bag if you didn’t pack a waterproof tarp

to cover it with. If your gear is soaked,

you’ll likely need to pack up and head home.

A scraped knee is usually no problem, but a

bloody knee with no band aids might cause

you to trek to a gas station in search of a

bandage. Consider everything that might

happen, and plan well so that minor bumps

in the road don’t have an effect on your entire

camping experience!

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Look at the passage again. Of the highlighted text options, choose 2 words or phrases that provided clues to the text structure: Cause-Effect

• Before

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• Sometimes

• Cause

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Picture Perfect Camping

If you have never been camping before,

imagine a peaceful location surrounded

by trees, a running brook, and the

crunch of pine needles beneath your

feet. Most camps have a fire pit,

specifically for building a crackling fire and

roasting marshmallows to layer with

chocolate and graham crackers.

Foldable camp chairs surround the fire,

a comfortable place for families and

friends to gather. In addition, a tent filled

with sleeping bags is often set up, ready

and waiting for sleepy campers to rest

their heads. You may even see a bag of

food hanging from a tree above a picnic

table, safe from the reach of nosy

bears and other wild animals.

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Look at the passage again. Of the highlighted text options, choose 2 words or phrases that provided clues to the text structure: Description

• If

• Specifically

• Families

• In addition

• Wild animals

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Fire Ban in Effect

During severe droughts, when fire danger

is high due to an unusual lack of rain, many

places will order a fire ban. A fire ban prohibits

anyone from lighting fires,

especially campfires, because the

danger of them igniting an entire forest or

grassland is large. While it may seem

pointless to go camping with no campfire,

there are ways you can deal with this issue.

Be sure everyone in your group has a

headlamp so they can see where they are

going at night. Bring ready-to-eat meals

that only require water - and not heat - to

prepare. Prepare yourself for more

mosquitos than usual, and bring plenty of

bug spray. Pack layers of clothing so that

you don’t get too cold without the warmth

of the fire. Instead of telling stories by

the campfire, enjoy an evening of stargazing.

When it gets dark enough, turn off

your head lamp, sit silently in the dark, and

listen to all the sounds that nature has to

offer. As a result, camping without a campfire

can still be enjoyable!

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Look at the passage again. Of the highlighted text options, choose 4 words or phrases that provided clues to the text structure: Problem and Solution

• Due to

• Because

• During

• Deal with this issue

• As a result

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