UNIT 7A: "INDUSTRIALIZATION"

Why were changes to manufacturing needed in the mid-1700s?

• Factory owners were not satisfied with the size of their profits.

• Demand was greater than the available supply of goods.

• Workers were not satisfied with the level of their daily wages.

• Traders faced higher shipping prices for smaller amounts of goods.

The Industrial Revolution is best defined as a...

• period of rapid growth during which machines became essential to industry.

• series of explosive encounters between workers and wealthy factory owners.

• time of great excitement about mechanical approaches to controlling Nature.

• period of turmoil and upheaval within the United States government.

Who was the man responsible for bringing new textile machines to the United States?

• Samuel Slater

• Moses Brown

• Richard Arkwright

• James Hargreaves

Why were more American textile mills built in the North than in the South?

• The South charged higher taxes on industry.

• The North had more rivers to provide power.

• The North attracted skilled English immigrants.

• The South was not interested in expanding agriculture.

The tools used to produce items or to do work are known as...

• interchangeable parts.

• mass production.

• muskets.

• technology.

What was Eli Whitney’s influence on American manufacturing?

• He designed a way to produce inexpensive clocks.

• He served as President Adams’ secretary of war.

• He came up with the idea of interchangeable parts.

• He argued that all manufacturing should be done by hand.

How did the War of 1812 help American manufacturing?

• The government built factories to produce needed uniforms and weapons.

• Tariffs on foreign goods encouraged Americans to buy domestic goods.

• Foreign goods became too expensive so politicians placed tariffs on them.

• The government boycotted British products that Americans also produced.

What did textile manufacturers do to keep the costs of running a mill low?

• cut back on the maintenance of machinery

• hired children and paid them very little

• trained apprentices in exchange for decades of labor

• fed workers instead of paying wages in cash

The “Rhode Island System” was Samuel Slater’s strategy of...

• hiring families of workers and dividing factory work into simple tasks.

• paying workers in company-store credit and reinvesting cash in the business.

• building houses for workers in exchange for the promise of company loyalty.

• hiring unmarried women and designing dual-purpose factory equipment.

What happened to workers in the textile industry as a result of Francis Cabot Lowell’s introduction of a new system?

• Many mill workers were laid off because Lowell’s power loom did the work of two different types of machine.

• Investors were hesitant to provide financial support because they did not believe that the power loom would be successful.

• Male mill workers came to resent female mill workers because Lowell paid women more than he paid men.

• More women became mill workers because of the opportunity to earn better wages than most available jobs.