Unit3_Major Subways Of Europe

Public transportation is an intrinsic part of every modem city.

What does "intrinsic" mean?

• to appear

• to make bigger

• to compete with

• basic

Many big cities have an underground rail system as their centerpiece.

What does "underground" mean?

• the style of a building

• below the ground

• the outer part or top of something

• the working of something,  being used

Many big cities have an underground rail system as their centerpiece.

What does "centerpiece" mean?

• the main or most important feature

• an opening to let air, steam, or smoke out

• something that serves as protection

• the main or most important feature

The first of these subways was London's Underground, which opened in 1863. By that time, horses and pedestrians had so clogged the streets of London that city government ruled that no railroads could enter the city except underground.

What does "pedestrian" mean?

• a person traveling on foot

• a setting in which to present something

• the working of something,  being used

• central office for a military commander

 

The first of these subways was London's Underground, which opened in 1863. By that time, horses and pedestrians had so clogged the streets of London that city government ruled that no railroads could enter the city except underground.

What does "clog" mean?

• to make bigger

• to use

• to appear

• to fill so much as to make movement difficult

Although the method was disruptive, it worked. Steam engines chugged under London, releasing steam through vents along the city streets. In its initial day operation, the London Underground carried 30,000 passengers.

What does "disruptive" mean?

• stopping the usual course of activity

• the working of something, being used

• the main or most important feature

• something that serves as protection

Although the method was disruptive, it worked. Steam engines chugged under London, releasing steam through vents along the city streets. In its initial day operation, the London Underground carried 30,000 passengers.

What does "release" mean?

• to make bigger

• to appear

• to fill so much as to make movement difficult

• to let something out

Although the method was disruptive, it worked. Steam engines chugged under London, releasing steam through vents along the city streets. In its initial day operation, the London Underground carried 30,000 passengers.

What does "vent" mean?

• an opening to let air, steam, or smoke out

• a setting in which to present something

• the outer part or top of something

• a person traveling on foot

 

Although the method was disruptive, it worked. Steam engines chugged under London, releasing steam through vents along the city streets. In its initial day of operation, the London Underground carried 30,000 passengers.

What does "operation" mean?

• something that serves as protection

• the working of something, being used

• the outer part or top of something

• the main or most important feature

This cut-and-cover method  caused massive disruptions  in the city

and required the destruction of the structures above the tunnel.

What does "destruction" mean?

• the outer part or top of something

• a setting in which to present something

• to compete with

• the act of ruining something