Respiratory A&P

External respiration refers to

• the exchange of gases between the lungs and the bloodstream

• the exchange of gases between the body cells and blood

• the movement of air through the nasopharynx

• the activation of the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm

The trachea contains

• 10-12 C-shaped cartilage rings

• 15-20 complete cartilage rings

• 15-20 C-shaped cartilage rings

• 10-12 complete cartilage rings

Draw and label the lower respiratory tract

The pleurae consists of two layers called the

(a)  

List in order the route through the respiratory system from the nasal cavity to the alveoli

Define what is meant by dead space volume

Describe the bronchial tree and its function

Answer explanation

Consists of the right and left main bronchi, segmented bronchi and bronchioles. Contains a complete layer of smooth muscle which when constricted impedes expiration.

Briefly explain the sequence of events in inspiration

Answer explanation

Inspiratory muscles contract.

Thoracic volume increases.

Intrapulmonary volume increases.

Intrapulmonary pressure drops.

Air flows into the lungs until the pressure gradient is equal to atmospheric pressure.

The oxygen carrying protein in the red blood cells is called

(a)  

Hypercapnia is described as

Answer explanation

High level of carbon dioxide in the blood