Genetics

Environmental factors can affect an organism's appearance, behavior, and health. For example, in certain reptiles, the temperature of the environment may determine the sex of the offspring. Both genetics and environmental factors determine the observable, physical characteristics of organisms, also called their ______ genetics.

• phenotype

• genotype

• organelle

• morphology

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A gardener wants to build a flower bed using this plant. But, he prefers white flowers to red flowers. How can he help increase the growth of white flowers, while reducing the growth of red flowers? He should water the flower bed _____?

• not at all

• briefly, only a few times a month

• steadily, two to three times a week

• regularly, several times a day

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In Mendel's experiment with pea plants, he observed the phenotypes of the pea plants, which helped lead him to distinguish the ________ as a basic principle of heredity. This principle is supported by the outcome of his cross between a yellow pea plant with a green (dominant) pea plant resulting in a yellow pea plant offspring.

• law of segregation

• law of independent assortment

• law of dominance

• law of genotypes

Gregor Mendel, hailed as the Father of Modern Genetics, did his research using pea plants. When he studied the inheritance of flower color in pea plants, he discovered that purple flowers were dominant over white flowers. Given this information, which of the following would represent the genotype of a heterozygous pea plant?

• white

• purple

• PP

• Pp

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

In dogs, the gene for fur color has two alleles. One allele is received from the father and the other from the mother. The dominant allele (B) codes for black fur and the recessive allele (b) codes for brown fur. A male dog who is heterozygous breeds with a female dog who is homozygous dominant. What would the GENOTYPIC probability be for their offspring?

• 50% BB and 50% Bb

• 100% BB

• 50% black fur and 50% brown fur

• 100% black fur

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Red blood cells usually have a disc-shape and contain hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the protein essential for carrying oxygen. If a mutation causes the structure of the protein to change it causes a recessive disease called sickle cell anemia. This creates a problem for the red blood cells to maintain the shape needed to carry oxygen throughout the body. If a man with the sickle-cell disease marries a woman who carries the trait of the disease, what is the probability that they will have a child with sickle-cell?

• 0%

• 25%

• 50%

• 100%

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In pea plants, green pea pods are dominant over yellow pea pods. If a plant is homozygous for the recessive trait, what will its phenotype be?

• gg

• Gg

• green pea pods

• yellow pea pods

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Which of the following is TRUE about the trait (Cystic Fibrosis)

• The trait is dominant

• The trait is recessive

• The trait affects only males

• The trait affects only females

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Gregor Mendel used pea plants in his experiments to deduce what would become the principles of genetics. If a heterozygous tall pea plant, which is a dominant trait, is crossed with a short pea plant, what percent of the offspring will be heterozygous?

• 0%

• 25%

• 50%

• 100%

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Gregor Mendel’s experiments with pea plants helped him to establish several principles in genetics. The law of _________explains how traits are inherited through generations

• alleles

• dominance

• generations

• codominance

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2