Biology Ch. 10 Review

This is the process where chromosomes can exchange genes.

• Crossover

• Allele

• Genotype

• Homologous Chromosome

The process to create two identical cells using one reduction division that are both diploid (2n).

• Meiosis

• Mitosis

• Asexual reproduction

• Sexual reproduction

The process to create 4 cells using two reduction divisions that are haploid (n). 

• Meiosis

• Mitosis

• Sexual reproduction

• Asexual reproduction

This is an organism’s allele pairs. (YY, Yy, yy...)

• Genes

• Phenotype

• Homologous chromosomes

• Genotype

These are an organism's observable characteristics.

• Homologous chromosomes

• Phenotype

• Genotype

• Genes

These are the sections on the DNA that code for polypeptides (make proteins).

• Genes

• Alleles

• Homologous chromosomes

• Sister chromatids

These are alternative forms of the same gene.

• Sister chromatids

• Homologous chromosomes

• Genes

• Alleles

Hybrid is another term for-

• Homozygous dominant

• Homozygous recessive

• Heterozygous

• Homologous chromosome

What is fertilization?

• Creation of diploid zygote from haploid gametes (sperm and egg).

• The 2 alleles for each trait separating during meiosis.

• Allele pairing that is random and separating chromosomes so that they sort independently. 

• When chromosomes exchange genes.

These are are separated during Meiosis I and carry the same type of genetic information.

• Sister chromatids

• Homologous chromsoomes

• Alleles

• Genes