Which of these best describes the political authority of Greek city-states?

• They were exactly the same as countries.

• They were ruled by kings and queens.

• They were independent cities with authority over nearby regions.

• They were only located in the Arabian Peninsula.

Athens and Sparta were two great city-states in ancient Greece, and they were often in conflict. What was the cause of the Peloponnesian War in the 5th century BC?

• Athens blocked Spartan trading routes.

• Athens kidnapped a high-ranking Spartan official.

• Sparta feared the growth & the power of Athens.

• Sparta attacked Mediterranean allies of Athens.

The establishment of the polis or "city-state" was the greatest political achievement of this society. The polis was a single city around which all political units in the area were centered. All of the city-states controlled their own land and were independent from one another. Sparta was the largest of the city-states. At one time, it controlled more than 3,000 square miles of surrounding territory. Which of these societies is described by the passage above?

• Indus River Valley

• Greece

• Ancient Egypt

• Mesopotamia

The first known democracy came about in Greece about 500 BC when Cleisthenes overthrew Peisistratus. Which of these types of democratic institutions did the Greeks then live under for the next two centuries?

• liberal democracy

• illiberal democracy

• direct democracy

• representative democracy

In which way was life in Athens different from life in Sparta?

• Life in Athens was focused on education, while life in Sparta was focused on the military.

• Life in Athens praised exercise and strength, while life in Sparta praised democratic citizenship.

• Life in Athens was influenced by religious thought, while life in Sparta did not allow religion.

• Life in Athens involved more farming, while life in Sparta involved more fishing and sailing.

What was one result of the Peloponnesian War?

• The weakened Greek city-states were conquered by Macedonia.

• Sparta defeated Athens and ruled all of the Greek city-states.

• Athens defeated Sparta and ruled all of the Greek city-states.

• The weakened Greek city-states were conquered by Rome.

Which statement best describes the slaves in ancient Athens?

• Athenian slaves had similar rights to the citizens of Athens.

• Slaves could not use their own name and were renamed.

• Slaves had the freedom to marry other slaves in Athens.

• Athens acknowledged slaves as citizens of the city-state.

In Greek mythology, Achilles was the son of Peleus, a man, and Thetis, an immortal sea nymph. Thetis wanted her son to be immortal as well, so she dipped him in the river Styx. She held him by the ankle, and this was the only part of Achilles where he could get hurt. Later, Achilles fought in the Trojan War and died from a wound from an arrow in his ankle. How is the term "Achilles' heel" used today?

• It is used to describe people who participate in wars.

• It is used to describe a weakness that might cause the downfall of something.

• It is used to describe people who have overprotective mothers.

• It is used to describe a strength that makes someone invincible.

• came up with the principles used in the scientific method • known as the "Father of Medicine" • believed diseases came from natural causes, instead of from evil spirits • created a set of moral and professional rules for doctors to follow

Which of the following Greeks is described in the box above?

• Aristotle

• Euclid

• Plato

• Hippocrates

The period during which Alexander the Great ruled an empire that stretched from Macedonia to India was known as

• Hellenistic Period

• Pan-Iberian Period

• Greek Period

• Sicilian Period