Hard engineering measures

What is hard engineering management?

• Using technology to monitor erosion rates

• A natural approach to control erosion

• Building artificial structures to control erosion

To prevent the movement of sand at seaside resorts, authorities build...

• Groynes

• Seawalls

• Jetties

• Breakwaters

Which process is slowed by the construction of this feature?

• Beach formation

• Wave refraction

• Longshore drift

• Hydraulic action

Predict the distribution of beach materials overtime.

• A

• B

• C

• D

Why may hard engineering measures to protect the coast be advantageous?

• They can immediately prevent coastal erosion from occurring

• They have a low impact on the environment

• They do not cost a lot of money

• They can last for a long time

Identify the structures built to protect the coast.

• Breakwater

• Tetrapods

• Seawall

• Gabions

Which is NOT a reason for this seawall design?

• Built above sea level to prevent wave overtopping

• Curved surface to reflect wave energy back out to sea

• Made of concrete to absorb incoming wave energy

• Stepped structure to act as a promenade for people to walk along

Which structure can absorb wave energy the most?

• Vertical seawall

• Gabions

• Tetrapods

What is NOT a problem in using gabions to protect coastline?

• Ugly

• Easily corroded

• Safety hazard when destroyed

• Dangerous to surfers

Which natural landforms can act as a barrier to incoming waves?

• Sand dune

• Mangrove

• Stack

• Coral reef