Urban Crises and Change

These are emerging features of Green Urbanism, except...

• renewable energy

• carbon-neutrality

• centralised energy and water systems

• biophilic engineering

These are two independent faces of liveability.

• Environmental preservation and economic growth

• Economic growth and ecological sustainability

• Nature and culture

• Livelihood and ecological sustainability

What is the definition of a resilient city?

• A city with communities and systems that can survive and still thrive despite social and environmental challenges

• A city that leverages on new technologies to achieve sustainable urbanisation

• A city that is inclusive and features public spaces as urban commons

• A city with communities and systems that are able to achieve economic growth during disasters

Why can the popular notion of liveability be problematic?

• The popular notion of liveability overemphasises technological achievements

• The numerous notions of liveability become distracting and confusing

• The popular notion of liveability ignores unequal distribution of urban amenities and the environmental costs of urban convenience

• The popular notion of liveability relies too much on a strong leadership model, which legitimises ordinary individuals to relinquish responsibilities

These are two problematic paradigms that hamper cities’ disaster preparedness.

• Urban inclusivity and global cities

• Historical layers of social and cultural systems, and cities as common spaces

• Seeing disasters as natural events outside human control, and a public administration approach that imports best practices from elsewhere

• Unequal access to digital platforms and societal reliance on technologies

What is a smart city?

• A smart city is one that features creativity and entrepreneurship through advancement and innovative use of technologies

• A smart city is one that uses big data to improve services for its people

• A smart city is one that relies solely on the power of networks to be economically competitive

• A smart city is one that can track all its people’s movements and personal information

These are technologies used in smart cities, except...

• urban sensing

• geo-tracking

• real-time data analysis

• land use planning

This personal gadget is a very powerful sensing tool that is often underestimated by its users.

• smart tv

• smart pen

• smart phone

• smarties

Which one is an example that shows an impact of a cyber-attack?

• Ransomware attack that crippled public services in Atlanta (2018)

• Power blackout in Ukraine, affecting 225,000 people in December 2015

• National Health Services (NHS) ransomware in the UK (2017)

• SingHealth database infiltration, affecting 1.5 million patients' data in Singapore (2018)

What is the public sphere, according to Jürgen Habermas?

• A conscious effort to induce consensus in the direction of urban development

• A realm of social life in which something approaching public opinion can be formed

• A liberal model of democracy that is organized in the form of the social welfare state

• None of the above