HIV Immunology 1

What does the Acronym HIV stand for?

• Human Infection Virus

• Human Immunodeficiency Venom

• Hormone Infection Virus

• Human Immunodeficiency Virus

What does the Acronym AIDS stand for?

• Acquired Infection Deficiency Syndrome

• Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

• Accepted Immunodeficiency Syndrome

• Acquired Internal Deficiency Syndrome

Which of the following is NOT a way that HIV can be transmitted.

• Blood

• Sex

• Mother to Child

• Kissing

How many people around the world have died due to AIDS complications from 1990 to today?

• 20 million

• Over 30 million

• 5 Million

• 2 Million

How many people are now living with HIV (end of 2020)?

• 1-10 million

• 10-20 million

• 20-30 million

• 30-40 million

Answer explanation

Globally, 37.7 million [30.2–45.1 million] people were living with HIV at the end of 2020

How was AIDS/HIV first transmitted to humans?

• Monkeys

• Pigs

• Birds

• Bats

Answer explanation

Hunting.

SIV crossed from monkeys (with 2 SIV strains) who were eaten by chimpanzees, then to humans.

The 2 SIV strains merged to form a 3rd SIV strain which can infect other chimps and humans.

https://youtu.be/yUUlMVB751Y

https://www.avert.org/professionals/history-hiv-aids/origin

A person can be infected with HIV and not show any symptoms early on.

• True

• False

Which of the following would be an example of an opportunistic infection?

• Pneumonia

• Common Cold

• Herpes Simplex

• Staph Infection

Answer explanation

Patients with AIDS developed infections normally associated with dogs (Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia), or Kaposi's sarcoma is a vascular tumor caused by human herpesvirus-8 infection.

Which of the following best describes AIDS?

• A virus that slowly destroys the immune system

• A disease that is due to a weakened immune system

• A bacterial infection that causes opportunistic infections

• A virus similar to HIV

A HIV-infected person's immune system cannot fight the virus because

• The virus replicates too fast

• The virus infects T cells

• The virus hides in B cells

• The virus is not presented by MHCI

Answer explanation

HIV primarily infects CD4⁺ T cells via their receptor, CD4, along with chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR5¹. Since CD4⁺ T cells are critical in orchestrating cells of adaptive immunity, such as B cells and CD8⁺ T cells, HIV infection impairs the immune response against the virus itself.

One of the hallmarks of HIV infection is T cell dysfunction, including exhaustion and progressive depletion of CD4⁺ T cells.