Protocols

Which of the following best describes the protocols used on the internet?

• THe protocols of the internet are designed by government agencies to ensure they remain free to use

• The protocols of the Internet are secret to maintain the privacy and security of people using them

• Each device connected to the Internet will use a protocol designed by the computer that manufactured it

• The protocols of the Internet are open and used by all devices connected to the network

Jon puchases a new smartphone and is immediately able to use it to send a photo over the internet to a friend who lives in a different country. Which of the following is NOT necessary to make this possible?

• Both devices are using the same shared and open protocols

• A single direct connection is established between any two devices connected to the internet

• THe data of the image is routed through a sequence of directly connected devices before arriving at its destination

• both devices are directy connected to at least one part of the Internet

Which of the following is true of how packets are sent through the Internet?

• Packet metadata is only included on important packets to indicate they should get access to fast paths through the network

• Packet metadata is used to route and reassemble information traveling through the Internet

• Information sent through the Internet is only encapsulated in packets if the message too large to be sent as a datastream

• Information sent through the internet is split into two packets, one which contains the message and another which contains the metadata