Civil Rights

Use the quote below to answer the question.

We believe that all men have certain unalienable rights. Yet many Americans do not enjoy those rights. We believe that all men are entitled to the blessings of liberty. Yet millions are being deprived of those blessings—not because of their own failures, but because of the color of their skin.                  

                                                                                                        —President Lyndon Johnson, 1964 

How did President Lyndon Johnson attempt to end discrimination?

• A. by providing federal dollars to hire more minority teachers in colleges

• B. by requiring state institutions to hire a certain percentage of minority workers

• C. by forcing states to change their constitutions to protect African American civil rights

• D. by passing federal laws that protected against racial prejudice within the states

In 1966 Stokely Carmichael, the leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), used the term “Black Power” at the end of a speech in Mississippi, introducing a new slogan to the civil rights movement.

How did the shift in emphasis by SNCC affect the civil rights movement?

• A. The leaders of the mainstream civil rights organizations abandoned nonviolence.

• B. The radical stance of SNCC created a division within civil rights organizations.

• C. The mainstream civil rights organizations withheld legal assistance to student protesters.

• D. The SNCC leadership began to target northern cities as sites for civil rights protests.

Use the excerpt below to answer the question.

An act to enforce the constitutional right to vote . . . to protect constitutional rights in public facilities and public education, to extend the Commission on Civil Rights, to prevent discrimination in federally assisted programs, to establish a Commission on Equal Employment Opportunity, and for other purposes.

                                                                                                                 —The Civil Rights Act of 1964

Which practice was prohibited with the passage of this act?

• A. limiting access to credit based on level of education

• B. excluding job applicants from hiring based on race or gender

• C. recruiting college students based on academic achievement

• D. restricting membership in a club based on religion

 Use the list below to answer the question.

Goals of Freedom Summer

• Increase voter registration

• Establish relief programs

• Challenge the Mississippi delegation at national conventions

• Nominate Freedom candidates for Congress

Based on this list, which phrase BEST explains how this program was seeking to influence change?

• A. by challenging cases of discrimination in the federal courts

• B. by increasing enrollment in higher education institutions

• C. by providing economic opportunities in minority communities

• D. by increasing minority participation in political processes

Use the table below to answer the question.

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) 

Founded in response to social injustices against African Americans

Founded in order to __________?_________  

Which phrase BEST completes this table?

• A. influence the Supreme Court to rule in favor of civil rights

• B. promote violent revolution against repression

• C. organize student protests on college campuses

• D. coordinate nonviolent acts of protest in segregated cities

Which element of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail” MOST affected future civil rights movements?

• A. its call for civil disobedience against unjust laws

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• B. its support for violent resistance of government authority

• C. its focus on economic equality for all minorities

• D. its criticism of judicial decisions in civil rights case

The writings and actions of Martin Luther King, Jr. MOST challenged

• A. charitable organizations to provide food for people in need of assistance.

• B. mainstream society to examine its moral conscience.

• C. city governments to improve living conditions for the working poor.

• D. federal agencies to regulate large corporations.

Use the excerpt below to answer the question. 

SEC. 2. No voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure shall be imposed or applied by any State or political subdivision to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or country.

                                                                                                                    —Voting Rights Act of 1965

How are the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the 15th Amendment similar?

• A. Both enabled the creation of third parties.

• B. Both expanded participation in the electoral process.

• C. Both gave states the right to list people’s political party affiliation.

• D. Both gave political parties the right to select a candidate

Thurgood Marshall

Served as Attorney General and Chief Counsel

successfully argued the Brown V Board of Education

Appointed as first African American Justice on US Supreme Court

• A. He strengthened the governmental authority of the states.

• B. He joined civil rights leaders in nonviolent demonstrations.

• C. He advocated a strict interpretation of the Constitution.

• D. He worked to expand constitutional protections of minorities.

Which Supreme Court ruling is Wallace criticizing in this speech?

I shall refuse to abide by any such illegal federal court order even to the point of standing in the schoolhouse door. —Governor George Wallace, 1962

• A. Tinker v. Des Moines

• B. Hernandez v. Texas

• C. Brown v. Board of Education

• D. Gideon v. Wainwright