Fluid and Electrolytes

Most of the body’s water resides

• outside cells.
• within cells.
• within vessels.
• within organs.

What is the fluid between cells inside tissue called?

• Intracellular fluid
• Extracellular fluid
• Interstitial fluid
• Transcellular fluid

If the concentration of electrolytes in tissue fluid increases, which of the following will occur?

• Water will move out of cells and into the tissues.
• Electrolytes will move out of cells and into tissues.
• Water will move out of tissues and into cells.
• Electrolytes will move out of tissues and into cells.

The body gains a small amount of water through which of the following?

• Breathing
• Eating

• Drinking

• Metabolism

Which part of the brain participates in the regulation of fluid intake and output?

• Medulla
• Pons
• Hypothalamus
• Cerebellum

When the volume of total body water declines,

• blood pressure drops, sodium concentration increases, and osmolarity increases.
• blood pressure drops, sodium concentration declines, and osmolarity increases.
• blood pressure drops, sodium concentration declines, and osmolarity decreases.
• blood pressure drops, sodium concentration increases, and osmolarity decreases.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) exerts which of the following effects?

• ADH prompts the collecting ducts of the kidneys to reabsorb more water and produce less urine.
• ADH prompts the collecting ducts of the kidneys to reabsorb less water and produce more urine.
• ADH prompts the collecting ducts to reabsorb sodium, resulting in the production of less urine.
• ADH prompts the collecting ducts to decrease reabsorption of sodium, resulting in the production of more urine.

Which of the following conditions results when the body eliminates more water than sodium?

• Volume depletion
• Hypovolemia
• Dehydration
• Fluid overload

Which of the following is a cause of edema?

• Replacing heavy losses of water and sodium with just water.
• Electrolyte imbalances
• Decreased capillary pressure
• Increased concentration of plasma proteins

What is the main electrolyte of extracellular fluid?

• Potassium
• Sodium
• Calcium
• Chloride