APUSH Industrial Revolution

In the 19th century, railroads formed pools in order to

• share equipment and terminals for greater efficiency

• fix prices and divide business for greater profit

• better serve farmers in remote rural areas

• increase competition by dividing up large companies into smaller ones

Social Darwinists would most likely support which of the following?

• relief for the unemployed

• enforcement of the Sherman Antitrust Act

• guarantee of a living wage for workers

• nonregulation of business

The concept of the gospel of wealth is reflected in all of the following statements EXCEPT

• Philanthropy should support educational, health, and religious institutions.

• The wealthy had a responsibility to use their wealth for the good of society.

• Wealth was God’s reward for a life of virtue and hard work.

• Money should be distributed to the poor and the homeless.

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the formation of labor unions was often a response to

• federal protection of workers’ rights to organize

• low wages and dangerous conditions in industrial work

• the emergence of multinational companies and increased global competition

• the presence of women in certain areas of industrial work

At the end of the nineteenth century, the desire of American business to control supplies of raw materials led to

• horizontal integration

• development of the factory system

• automation of industry

• vertical integration

Which of the following was NOT true of the American labor movement in the late 19th century?

• Labor’s rights were protected by laws of Congress.

• A number of major strikes were defeated by business and government.

• Some unions tried to organize both skilled and unskilled workers.

• Middle-class Americans often concluded that unions were radical and violent.

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the formation of labor unions was often a response to

• federal protection of workers’ rights to organize

• the large numbers of immigrants working in factories

• low wages and dangerous conditions in industrial work

• the presence of women in certain areas of industrial work

The American Federation of Labor under the leadership of Samuel Gompers organized

• skilled workers in craft unions in order to achieve economic gain

• workers and intellectuals into a labor party for political action

• workers into a fraternal organization to provide unemployment and old-age benefits

• unskilled workers along industrial lines

Which of the following best explains a connection between the ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY of the United States in the mid-1800s and in the late 1800s?

• The use of sharecropping in the South expanded cotton agricultural production.

• Corporations’ need for managers fostered the growth of a large middle class.

• Labor unions sought to improve conditions in factories and wages for workers.

• The application of new technologies expanded large-scale industrial manufacturing.

Which of the following labor organizations endorsed the philosophy of “bread and butter” unionism by concentrating on demands for higher wages, shorter hours, and improved work conditions?

• The Knights of Labor

• The American Federation of Labor

• The American Federation of Labor

• The National Labor Union