Adolescents and risk-taking

Barkley-Levenson & Galvan's (2014) study aimed to investigate whether ____________.

• adolescents attach more value to rewards than adults do
• adults attach more value to rewards than adolescents do
• children attach more value to rewards than adults do
• adolescents attach more value to rewards than children do
• adolescents attach less value to rewards than adults do

Barkley-Levenson & Galvan (2014) aimed to identify ____________ of expected value in the brains of adolescents.

• neural development
• normal development
• neural degradation
• neutral development
• neural connections

Barkley-Levenson & Galvan's (2014) samples consisted of __ adults participants aged between 25 and 30 and __ adolescents aged between 13 and 17.

• 19, 22
• 19, 23
• 19, 24
• 19, 25
• 19, 26

Barkley-Levenson & Galvan's (2014) sample was recruited from poster and Internet advertisements making it ________ sample.

• volunteer
• opportunity
• stratified
• random
• systematic

In Barkley-Levenson & Galvan's (2014) study participants were given $20 to gamble on ___ for which there was a 50:50 probability of winning.

• 144
• 74
• 94
• 114
• 34

Expected value was calculated by working out the sum of the possible outcomes ______.

• multiplied by their probabilities
• divided by their probabilities
• added to their probabilities
• subtracted from their probabilities
• squared

Barkley-Levenson & Galvan (2014) collected both ______.

• neural and behavioural data
• nominal and behavioural data
• neural and biological data
• useful and unusual data
• reward and risk-taking data

Barkley-Levenson & Galvan (2014) were particularly intertested in activity of the ______, a brain area associated with valuation and reward.

• ventral striatum
• central striatum
• dorsal striatum
• mortal striatum
• posterior striatum

Barkley-Levenson & Galvan (2014) recorded behavioural responses of participants' _____ to each trial when they pressed computer keys.

• acceptance and rejection
• acceptance
• rejection
• attention and rejection
• acceptance and recognition

Barkley-Levenson & Galvan (2014) found more activation of the ___ in adolescents as ___ increased.

• ventral striatum, expected value
• ventral striatum, probable value
• central striatum, unexpected value
• ventral striatum, unexpected value
• vertical striatum, predicted value