Biology Practice STAAR

1.     Which of the following is evidence that supports the scientific explanation of the endosymbiotic theory?

• I

• II

• III

• IV

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Telophase is a stage of a cellular process that begins after the chromosomes have moved to opposite poles of the cell. During which cellular process does telophase occur?

• Mutations

• Mitosis

• Interphase

• Anaphase

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

People who have leukemia, a cancer that affects white blood cells, are often given Cytarabine. This drug inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Which phase of the cell cycle is most affected by Cytarabine?

• G1

• S

• G2

• Mitosis

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Environmental factors typically activate genes in a cell by causing the cell to —

• form haploid gamete cells through meiosis

• fuse with another cell to increase the size of its genome

• produce identical daughter cells through mitosis

• transcribe specific DNA segments to mRNA for translation

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During the cell cycle, proteins called cyclins bind to enzymes that send signals for the cell to progress through stages of cell replication. At the end of this cycle, the cyclins degrade to prevent further signaling for the cell to divide. Uncontrolled production of cyclins will most likely result in —

• the formation of tumors

• the immediate death of the cell

• the transfer of cyclins to other cells

• the formation of haploid cells

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

A student is going to purchase a vehicle and wants to make sure that the car has a low impact on the environment.  

• Car A

• Car B

• Car C

• Car D

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What is lost to the environment at each of the trophic levels of this ecosystem?

• Nutrients from the soil

• Food sources

• Heat

• Living space for the organisms

   

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A student studying primary succession should focus on which of these communities?

• Granite rock

• Floodplain

• Open oak woodland

• Mesquite grassland

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Saprophytes are fungi that feed on dead and decomposing organisms. They secrete enzymes that digest components of cell walls, such as cellulose and lignin. Which statement explains why these fungi are an important part of the biogeochemical cycle?

• Saprophytes perform gas exchange that assists the cellular activities of autotrophs.

• Saprophytes transport nutrients through the xylem and phloem in autotrophs

• Saprophytes extract minerals from living tissue to recycle them back into the soil.

• Saprophytes return organic material to the soil for use by living organisms.

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People who have Alzheimer’s disease experience an increasing loss of brain function and cognition over time. Alzheimer’s is characterized by a buildup of abnormal protein fragments that damage brain cells. Recently scientists have discovered an enzyme, BACE2, that decreases these abnormal protein fragments in the brain of a person with Alzheimer’s disease. Which statement explains how BACE2 most likely works?

• BACE2 breaks down into smaller pieces that react with the abnormal protein fragments, forming more complex molecules.

• BACE2 speeds up the reaction that breaks down the abnormal protein fragments.

• BACE2 molecules link several abnormal protein fragments together, forming a complete protein.

• BACE2 is a reactant that combines with the abnormal protein fragments.