The Code That Couldn’t Be Broken

Which is a central idea of the article?

• The Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor plunged the United States into World War II.

• Although the Navajo language was prohibited in boarding schools, it became a secret weapon that helped the U.S. defeat Japan.

• Philip Johnston, the son of missionaries, grew up on the Navajo reservation.

• Some 6,800 Americans died at the battle of Iwo Jima.

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Which statement best supports that central idea?

• “Navajos were being asked to use their once forbidden language to help protect the U.S.”

• “The Japanese were highly skilled at deciphering codes.”

• “Marines trudged through thick jungle, facing death at every step.”

• “In field tests, [the Navajos] could send a four line message in 20 seconds.”

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Which was an effect of the code talkers’ efforts?

• The Navajo reservation became prosperous

• The tide of the war in the Pacific turned.

• Fewer Navajos joined the Marines

• English-speaking schools for Navajos closed

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Why might the U.S. government have sentNavajos to English-speaking boarding schools?

• to make Navajo children more “American”

• to provide Navajos with a complete education

• to integrate U.S. and Navajo traditions

• to teach them the Navajo code

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Which of these led most directly to the Marines recruiting Navajos?

• Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor

• the outbreak of World War II

• Japanese skill at deciphering codes

• Japan’s capture of Guadalcanal

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Which of these statements is an opinion?

• Chester Nez was one of the original 29code talkers.

• The code talkers were the most valuable weapon against the Japanese in World War II

• The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor crippled the U.S. Navy’s Pacific fleet

• Peter MacDonald said their accomplishment crossed all boundaries of language and culture

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What does trudged mean in the following sentence?

“Marines trudged through thick jungle, facing death at every step.”

• ran swiftly

• fought bravely

• found their way with a compass

• walked slowly and with difficulty

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Which of these happened first?

• Sam Sandoval enlisted in the Marines.

• Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.

• The battle of Iwo Jima began.

• The U.S. dropped two atomic bombs, on Hiroshima and on Nagasaki.

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What does the map on p. 19 show?

• how the code talkers got to the Pacific

• the route of the attack on Pearl Harbor

• the location of battles where the code talkers served

• the location of U.S. allies in the war

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Which conclusion could you draw fromthe article?

• Many code talkers regretted their service.

• Some code talkers refused to attend the White House ceremony last year.

• Code talkers saw their service as patriotic.

• The U.S. could have taken Iwo Jima even without the code talkers’ participation.

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