Quiz about 8th Grade Q3 Science Review

Question 1

Helen is studying the growth of two different types of plants. She planted two of each type of plant in locations with different levels of sunlight: full sun, partial shade, and full shade. For five weeks, Helen records the number of new leaves on each plant.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the independent and dependent variables in Helen's experiment?

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the amount of sunlight, and the dependent variable is the number of new leaves.

Answer

The independent variable is the kind of plant, and the dependent variable is the amount of sunlight.

Answer

The independent variable is the amount of sunlight, and the dependent variable is the kind of plant.

Answer

The independent variable is the number of new leaves, and the dependent variable is the amount of sunlight.

Question 2

Ena is measuring the pH of various liquids to see if they are acids or bases. Although she is following the same procedure each time, she notices that when she tests a particular liquid she obtains a result she does not expect. She is not sure that the result is accurate.

What should Ena do to improve the reliability of the data she collects?

Accepted Answer

perform repeated trials on each liquid

Answer

change her hypothesis

Answer

measure a smaller volume of each sample

Answer

research more information about acids and bases

Question 3

Why are replications of an experiment necessary?

Accepted Answer

to ensure that the experiment is reproducible

Answer

to try different procedures

Answer

to test different equipment

Answer

to increase the number of variables

Question 4

A student is studying the reactivity of different metals in hydrochloric acid (HCl). The chart below was recorded after using each of the metals in different temperatures of the acid.

Which of these is the dependent variable in these tests?

Accepted Answer

bubbles

Answer

cold HCl

Answer

copper

Answer

warm HCl

Question 5

Alita wants to know if the color of ice cream affects its taste. She has three batches of vanilla ice cream. Batch 1 has no food coloring, Batch 2 has red food coloring, and Batch 3 has green food coloring. She asks 10 people to taste the three batches of ice cream and choose their favorite. What is the independent variable in Alita's investigation?

Accepted Answer

color of the ice cream

Answer

taste of the ice cream

Answer

number of batches of ice cream

Answer

number of people tasting the ice cream

Question 6

A biologist is investigating the effects of growth hormone on the rate of metamorphosis in butterflies.

Which of the following methods of investigation would work best for the biologist investigating any possible effects?

Accepted Answer

controlled experiments

Answer

models

Answer

systematic observations

Answer

random sampling of populations

Question 7

Eduardo is a conservation biologist. He needs to develop a plan to preserve wetlands. He begins his project by studying the data in the following chart.

How is Eduardo using scientific methods in developing a plan?

Accepted Answer

He is analyzing data about causes and effects.

Answer

He is analyzing a hypothesis about causes and effects.

Answer

He is proposing an experiment about causes and effects.

Answer

He is using intuition to determine causes and effects.

Question 8

Linus Pauling, who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, announced that he had found that taking massive doses of vitamin C could prevent and treat a cold. He based this claim on the results of a single trial on a group of school children at a skiing camp in the Swiss Alps. The children that were given 1 gram per day of vitamin C showed a significant decrease in frequency of colds compared to children at the same camp who were not given additional vitamin C.

Which of these statements correctly assesses Pauling's claim?

Accepted Answer

Pauling's claim is not correct because he did not gather enough empirical data.

Answer

Pauling's claim must be correct because his evidence supported it.

Answer

Pauling's claim is not correct because he did not work with another scientist.

Answer

Pauling's claim must be correct because he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

Question 9

Scientific models help scientists visualize phenomena that cannot be directly observed. Which model limitation most likely applies to a classroom model of the solar system?

Accepted Answer

It is not to scale.

Answer

It is two-dimensional.

Answer

The planets do not orbit.

Answer

The planets are not labeled.

Question 10

The distances between objects in space are enormous. When miles are used to measure these distances, amounts can exceed millions. Therefore, distances in space are often measured in astronomical units (AU). The chart below provides the distances between the planets and the Sun, measured in both miles and astronomical units (AU). The units of measurement have been left off of the chart.

Which value represents the distance between Saturn and the Sun in astronomical units?

Accepted Answer

9.539

Answer

.39

Answer

886.7 million

Answer

36 million

Question 11

Which measurement would best be used to describe the distance between Earth and a neighboring galaxy?

Accepted Answer

light years

Answer

astronomical units

Answer

kilometers

Answer

miles

Question 12

The farthest galaxy discovered is 13.2 billion light-years away. Which statement best represents the number of galaxies in the universe?

Accepted Answer

There are billions of galaxies because they are far apart in a large universe.

Answer

There are hundreds of galaxies because the universe is very large.

Answer

There are millions of galaxies because some are close and some are far.

Answer

There are thousands of galaxies because they are spaced so far apart.

Question 13

Which sentence is a true statement about the relationship between galaxies and stars?

Accepted Answer

A galaxy contains many stars.

Answer

A galaxy contains only one star.

Answer

A star contains only one galaxy.

Answer

A star contains many galaxies.

Question 14

Which answer correctly orders astronomical bodies according to their distance from the Sun?

Accepted Answer

1.Venus

2. Earth

3. asteroid belt

4. Neptune

Answer

1. asteroid belt

2. Saturn

3. Pluto

4. Uranus

Answer

1. Pluto

2. Uranus

3. Neptune

4. asteroid belt

Answer

1. asteroid belt

2. Earth's moon

3. Venus

4. Mercury

Question 15

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between astronomical bodies in outer space?

Accepted Answer

The Milky Way is much larger than our Solar System.

Answer

Mars is larger than Earth.

Answer

The Moon is further away from the Sun than the asteroid belt.

Answer

The time it takes Earth to revolve around the Sun is longer than it takes Marts to revolve around the sun.

Question 16

The brightness of a star as seen from Earth is its apparent magnitude. How is apparent magnitude different

from absolute magnitude?

Accepted Answer

Apparent magnitude depends on the distance of a star from Earth; absolute magnitude does not.

Answer

Apparent magnitude depends on the size of a star; absolute magnitude does not.

Answer

Apparent magnitude depends on the temperature of a star; absolute magnitude does not.

Answer

Apparent magnitude depends on the color of a star; absolute magnitude does not.

Question 17

Which physical property of a star is an indicator of its temperature?

Accepted Answer

color

Answer

mass

Answer

brightness

Answer

distance from Earth

Question 18

The planets are often placed into two groups. Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are one group. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are another group. Which characteristic was used to group the planets this way?

Accepted Answer

distance from the Sun

Answer

ability to sustain life

Answer

direction they revolve and rotate

Answer

number of moons revolving around them

Question 19

The chart below lists several planets and their distances from the Sun in astronomical units (AU).

Which list correctly orders the length of each planet's year, from shortest to longest?

Accepted Answer

Mercury, Earth, Saturn, Neptune

Answer

Earth, Mercury, Saturn, Neptune

Answer

Earth, Mercury, Neptune, Saturn

Answer

Mercury, Earth, Neptune, Saturn

Question 20

Which difference between Earth and the Moon explains why an astronaut is easily able to hop on the Moon?

Accepted Answer

The force of gravity on the Moon is lower than the force of gravity on Earth.

Answer

The Moon's rotation on its axis is shorter than Earth's rotation on its axis.

Answer

The Moon's orbit around Earth is shorter than Earth's orbit around the Sun.

Answer

The force of gravity from the Sun sometimes briefly lifted the astronauts off the Moon's surface.

Question 21

The drawing shows Earth's revolution around the Sun.

Based on the drawing, what season are students in Florida experiencing when Earth is at position 1?

Accepted Answer

Summer

Answer

Fall

Answer

Spring

Answer

Winter

Question 22

The diagram shows the alignment of the sun, the moon, and Earth.

Which of the following best explains why HIGH TIDES are happening at locations 1 and 3?

Accepted Answer

the moon's gravitational pull on Earth

Answer

Earth's tilt and orbit around the sun

Answer

the sun's gravitational pull on Earth

Answer

radiation from the sun

Question 23

Julia and her father are planning a fishing trip. They think that fishing is better during the incoming tide. Which of the following diagrams shows the arrangement of the Sun, the Moon, and Earth that will result in the largest change in tides so that Julie and her dad have the best fishing experience?

Accepted Answer

Option B is correct

Answer

A.

Answer

C.

Answer

D.

Question 24

Look at the diagram of the phases of the moon. What numbered position represents the first quarter moon?

Accepted Answer

3

Answer

1

Answer

2

Answer

4

Question 25

These three images represent the particle arrangement in ice, water, and steam.

Which of the following correctly identifies the states of matter?

Accepted Answer

A: steam, B: water, C: ice

Answer

A: water, B: steam, C: ice

Answer

A: steam, B: ice, C: water

Answer

A: ice, B: water, C: steam

Question 26

Joan is finding the density of four containers of different sizes using a metric balance and large beaker. She has found that each of the four containers has a mass of 20.0 grams (g). The chart below shows the mass and volume of each of the containers (cm3 = cubic centimeters).

Which container most likely contains the least dense material? Be aware that the density

equation is d = m/ v, with d being density, m being mass, and v being volume.

Accepted Answer

Container 3

Answer

Container 1

Answer

Container 2

Answer

Container 4

Question 27

A student compares the mass and density of two objects. Object A and Object B both have the same mass. However, Object A has more density than Object B.

How can two objects with the same mass have a different density?

Accepted Answer

The two objects have a different volume.

Answer

The two objects have a different area.

Answer

The two objects have a different shape.

Answer

The two objects have a different weight.

Question 28

Rachel is looking at the periodic table. She notices an atom has 4 negatively charged particles outside the nucleus. What does this indicate about the atom?

Accepted Answer

It contains four electrons.

Answer

It is very unstable.

Answer

It contains 4 neutrons.

Answer

It is a negatively charged atom.

Question 29

Audra is looking at a diagram of an atom. Which particle(s) does she see inside the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

protons and neutrons

Answer

electrons only

Answer

protons only

Answer

electrons and protons

Question 30

The illustration below lists the pH of various substances.

Which of the substances below is the closest to neutral pH?

Accepted Answer

milk

Answer

ammonia

Answer

milk of magnesia

Answer

vinegar

Question 31

Which is the most correct explanation of a physical change that has occurred?

Accepted Answer

dicing potatoes, because the molecules are separated but remain the same substance

Answer

crushing an ice cube, because the chemical structure of the ice cube is changed

Answer

gasoline burning, because it forms water vapor and carbon dioxide

Answer

fireworks exploding, because energy is released as light and heat

Question 32

Steve fills a jar with water and adds Epsom salts and ammonia. After five minutes, he observes that white particles have formed and settled at the bottom of the jar. Steve is unable to change these particles back to any of the three original substances by heating or stirring the solution. He isolates the white particles and finds that they have properties that are very different from any of the three starting materials.

Which statement best explains Steve's observation?

Accepted Answer

A chemical change occurred because a new substance formed.

Answer

A chemical change occurred because a solid substance formed.

Answer

A physical change occurred because no color change was observed.

Answer

A physical change occurred because stirring did not change the solution.

Question 33

Will made a cup of hot tea and placed it on the table. A few minutes later, he picked up the cup and touched the warm table where the cup had been sitting. He put the cup back in the same place and left the kitchen. When he returned a few hours later, he noticed the table and the cup felt the same temperature as each other. Which of these statements best describes the heat flow between the cup and the table?

Accepted Answer

The heat flowed from the cup to the table through the process of conduction.

Answer

The heat flowed from the table to the cup through the process of convection.

Answer

The heat flowed from the table to the cup through the process of conduction.

Answer

The heat flowed from the cup to the table through the process of convection.

Question 34

The Sun and Earth each have a gravitational pull on each other. How would that gravitational force be affected if Earth were much farther from the Sun?

Accepted Answer

The gravitational force would decrease.

Answer

The gravitational force would increase.

Answer

The gravitational force would be unchanged.

Answer

The gravitational force would cause higher tides.

Question 35

The diagram shows how one way that material can be organized inside of a living thing.

Which of these terms best fits into the space labeled 'X' in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

tissues

Answer

atoms

Answer

organisms

Answer

organ systems

Question 36

Ava has a list of organisms she is studying in science class. Her organisms are bacteria, pine trees, and elephants. Which organisms based on cell theory are made of cells.

Accepted Answer

Bacteria, pine trees, and elephants because all organisms are made of cells.

Answer

Pine trees because only plants are made of cells.

Answer

Elephants because only animals are made of cells.

Answer

Bacteria because only microscopic organisms are made of cells.

Question 37

Many cellular processes are performed by cells. A typical cell and a common process is shown in the diagram below.

Which of the following is the best reason this cell is going through the process shown?

Accepted Answer

to maintain homeostasis of the cell

Answer

to reproduce another cell

Answer

to compete with another cell

Answer

to provide protection for the cell from the environment

Question 38

Cells are able to maintain homeostasis by keeping the perfect balance of water and nutrients inside of them.

Which cell part regulates the materials that leave or enter the cell to maintain this balance?

Accepted Answer

the cell membrane

Answer

the nucleus

Answer

the chloroplast

Answer

the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 39

Both the cell membrane and the cell wall act to protect the organelles within a cell. Which of the following best describes how the cell membrane is different from the cell wall?

Accepted Answer

The cell wall is only found in plant cells, whereas the cell membrane is found in plant and animal cells.

Answer

The cell membrane is made of a tough cellulose fiber, whereas the cell wall is made of a flexible glycogen fiber.

Answer

The cell membrane only controls what crosses into the cell, whereas the cell wall only maintains a cell's rigidity.

Answer

The cell membrane is a single-layered membrane, whereas the cell wall is a double-layered membrane.

Question 40

Which organelle is needed for plants to make energy?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Answer

Vacuole

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Cell Membrane

Question 41

What type of infectious disease is not living, and can be transmitted through air? A common cold and influenza are examples of this type of infectious disease.

Accepted Answer

Virus

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Parasite

Answer

Fungi

Question 42

Which of the following do viruses and bacteria have in common?

Accepted Answer

They both have genetic material.

Answer

They both can reproduce without the help of a host cell.

Answer

Neither of them uses energy to carry out functions.

Answer

Neither of them responds to stimuli.

Question 43

A teacher uses the diagram below to help him explain heredity to a group of students.

Which of these combinations identifies the appropriate labels in the order as shown in the diagram (1, 2, 3)?

Accepted Answer

chromosome, DNA, gene

Answer

chromosome, gene, DNA

Answer

DNA, chromosome, gene

Answer

DNA, gene, chromosome

Question 44

The digestive and circulatory systems interact with each other to help maintain homeostasis in the human body. Which pair of actions describe how these two systems work together to maintain homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

providing nutrients and transporting them to the cells

Answer

taking in oxygen and transporting it to all the cells

Answer

moving nutrients and fighting infections in the body

Answer

removing wastes and excreting them out of the body

Question 45

In pea plants, purple flowers (P) are dominant to white flowers (p).

If one parent has a genotype of Pp and one parent has a genotype of pp, what is the probability of the offspring having purple flowers?

Accepted Answer

50 percent

Answer

0 percent

Answer

75 percent

Answer

100 percent

Question 46

Rabbits born with the recessive trait of albinism lack pigment. The pedigree chart below shows the inheritance pattern of albinism in a certain family of rabbits.

Accepted Answer

Rabbit 6 should have shading.

Answer

What is missing in the pedigree for the first generation?

Answer

All rabbits of the first generation should be shaded.

Answer

All rabbits in the first generation should be shown as normal.

Question 47

Florida panthers can have straight tails (S) or curly tails (s). What is the probability that two heterozygous panthers (both Ss) will have offspring with curly tails?

Accepted Answer

25%

Answer

50%

Answer

75%

Answer

100%

Question 48

Which statement best describes the result of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

The daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes.

Answer

The daughter cells have twice the number of chromosomes.

Answer

The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes.

Answer

The daughter cells have four times the number of chromosomes.

Question 49

A cell is about to undergo mitosis. Which of these statements describes the resulting daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Both daughter cells will be genetically identical to the parent cell, and each will have the same number of chromosomes.

Answer

One daughter cell will have more chromosomes than the other daughter cell.

Answer

The daughter cells will be genetically identical to each other but will have a different number of chromosomes from the parent.

Answer

Each daughter cell will have a new arrangement of chromosomes and characteristics, and each will be different from each other and the parent cell.

Question 50

One living plant leaf, still attached to the plant, is placed into a cup and covered with water. A light source is placed above the cup shining into the cup of water so that the leaf receives the light. In moments, bubbles appear at the surface of the plant leaf.

Which statement explains what causes the bubbles to appear?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis is occurring and bubbles of oxygen gas are being released into the surrounding area.

Answer

Photosynthesis is occurring and bubbles of carbon dioxide gas are being released by the surrounding area and absorbed into the plant leaf.

Answer

Photosynthesis is occurring and bubbles of carbon dioxide gas are being released by the leaf into the surrounding area.

Answer

Photosynthesis is occurring and bubbles of air are entering the water from the area around the plant.

Question 51

Which of the following pairs are products of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

sugar and oxygen

Answer

chlorophyll and protein

Answer

light energy and nitrogen

Answer

water and carbon dioxide

Question 52

Organisms have specialized structures for different functions. Humans, for example, have an acid-filled stomach that helps break down swallowed food. Cells also have specialized structures for specific functions.

What cellular structure is shown in the diagram and what does it do?

Accepted Answer

mitochondrion; cellular respiration

Answer

chloroplast; cellular respiration

Answer

mitchondrion; photosynthesis

Answer

chloroplast; photosynthesis

Question 53

All living organisms contain carbon. As organisms grow, they require large quantities of carbon to carry out life processes and make new cells. Where is the source of most of Earth's available carbon?

Accepted Answer

Carbon is constantly recycled from dead organisms back into the environment.

Answer

New carbon atoms are constantly being created by the process of photosynthesis.

Answer

Carbon atoms are constantly transferred from the Sun to Earth along with sunlight.

Answer

Carbon is constantly transported from the mantle to the crust by volcanic eruptions.

Question 54

Marc wants to use the picture below to show how carbon cycles between organisms and the environment.

Which parts of the carbon cycle is shown in the illustration?

Accepted Answer

photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Answer

cellular respiration and decomposition

Answer

combustion and decomposition

Answer

decomposition and photosynthesis

Question 55

Which statement about the carbon cycle is most true?

Accepted Answer

Carbon changes form, but the total amount on Earth remains the same.

Answer

Energy is destroyed when organic matter decays.

Answer

The total mass of carbon on Earth is always increasing.

Answer

Carbon is lost from the cycle when it enters the atmosphere.

Question 56

What are the primary producers in this food web?

Accepted Answer

sediment algae and floating algae

Answer

sun and water

Answer

worms and crustaceans

Answer

shorebirds and wading birds

Question 57

A food web shows how energy moves from one organism to another in an ecosystem. Students in a life science class created a diagram demonstrating a food web.

Based on the food web, which of these organisms receives some of its energy directly from a primary consumer?

Accepted Answer

Hawk

Answer

Caterpillar

Answer

Clover

Answer

Rabbit

Question 58

Jane went for a walk on the farm. First, she saw a mosquito land on her arm and bite her. Second, she saw a hawk capture a mouse. Last, she noticed a bird riding on the back of a cow and eating the bugs off it. What is the order of the relationships Jane saw at the farm?

Accepted Answer

parasitism, predation, mutualism

Answer

competition, predation, parasitism

Answer

parasitism, competition, mutualism

Answer

predation, competition, parasitism

Question 59

In 1990, there were 2,000 deer living on a remote island. The island is roughly 520 square kilometers in size. The island managers decided to introduce wolves as a natural predator. In 1991, 10 wolves were flown onto the island. The table shows the changes in both the deer and wolf populations for the years 1991 to 2000.

Accepted Answer

food

Answer

disease

Answer

shelter

Answer

water

Question 60

The Florida Everglades is habitat for many animals including deer, alligators, squirrels and panthers and for various types of plants and trees. A large wildfire sweeps through the habitat and kills most of the plants and trees. Which description is most likely a result after a wildfire?