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When your hands feel cold, rubbing them together very quickly can make the skin feel warm briefly. What reasoning explains why rubbing your hands together makes them warm?

• Friction between objects that touch produces heat.

• Movement causes potential energy to produce heat.

• Rubbing hands together can cause a fire that produces heat.

• Activity causes the heart rate to speed up and warm the blood.

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Amy wants to lift a box from a truck. Straps are holding the box in place in the truck. A large strap applies a force to the left of the box. A smaller strap applies a force to the right of the box. In what direction would Amy have to apply a force on the box to overcome the force of gravity acting on it?

• up

• down

• left

• right

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The picture below shows what happens when light shines on a tank of water.

What property of light does this picture show?

• Light travels in a straight line forever.

• Light gets brighter the farther it travels.

• Light travels in a straight line until it strikes an object or substance.

• Light gets brighter when it reflects off smooth surfaces.

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Timothy knows that air and helium are both gases. He read that gases expand, or get bigger, when they are heated. They get smaller when they are cooled. What observation is evidence that supports what Timothy read?    

•     An air-filled balloon will float in a tub filled with water.

•   An air-filled balloon will shrink when put in the freezer.

• A helium balloon weighs less than a balloon filled with air.

•      A helium balloon will rise up in the air when you let it go.

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Josh wanted to see how much water fills different bottles. He did two tests. He filled five bottles all the way to the top with water. Then he used a measuring cup to find out how many milliliters of water were in each bottle. He then filled the same five bottles to the top with water again. This time, instead of measuring volume, he measured the weight of the water. What could explain the difference in the results Josh got when he made the two tests?

• the type of bottle he tested

• the kind of liquid he measured

• the way that he measured the water

• the number of times he made the measurement

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Light, sound, heat, and electricity are different forms of energy. What is energy?

• the basic building block of all matter

• the basic building block of all matter

• the force that pulls all objects toward Earth

• the ability to cause motion or create change

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When you cook food, energy is used to change the food. That energy can come from electricity on an electric stove or burning gas on a gas stove. What is the kind of energy that stoves produce to cook food?

• heat energy

• light energy

• sound energy

• mechanical energy

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The sun is the nearest star to Earth. Stars are objects that give off energy. Some of the sun’s energy reaches Earth. This energy makes it possible for living things to survive. What form of energy from the sun do plants use to make their own food?

• potential energy

• heat energy

• light energy

• electrical energy

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Kelly drew the picture below of a plant.

Which plant part produces food that the plant uses for energy?

• Part A

• Part B

• Part C

• Part D

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Scientists sometimes use shape to identify materials. Which sentence describes the shape of a material?

• Gold is shiny and yellow.

• Sulfur is dull and powdery.

• Salt grains look like tiny cubes.

• Talc can be scratched by a fingernail.

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