ACT English Practice 4

The Cold War was one of the most interest-ing and troubling times in American history. Several dramatically important historical events¹ led to the Cold War. First, in 1939, Albert Einstein wrote a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

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• important dramatic historical events

• important historical events

• dramatically historical events

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CCSS.L.11-12.1

CCSS.L.11-12.3

In that letter, Einstein tells² Roosevelt that it was possible to create an atomic weapon, and he asked Roosevelt to fund research and experiment in atomic weapons

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• told

• had told

• would tell

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CCSS.L.11-12.1

In that letter, Einstein tells Roosevelt that it was possible to create an atomic weapon, and he asked Roosevelt to fund research and experiment³ in atomic weapons. Roosevelt agreed, and the government created the Manhattan Project, a massive effort to develop nuclear weapons.

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• research

• research and experimentation

• research and experiments

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CCSS.L.11-12.1

CCSS.L.11-12.2

This was the first important step toward the Cold War. Next came the date that will live in history: August 6, 1945. The United States dropped an atomic bomb on a civilian, not military, target, Hiroshima, Japan.⁴

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• Hiroshima, Japan.

• Hiroshima, Japan-a civilian, not military, target.

• a civilian target.

An estimate of ⁵ 150,000 civilians were killed in the attack. President Harry Truman and others claimed at the time that dropping the bomb was necessary to force Japan to surrender to end World War II.

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• estimate of around

• estimated

• estimate was

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CCSS.L.11-12.1

CCSS.W.11-12.2

CCSS.W.11-12.2D

President Harry Truman and others claimed at the time that dropping the bomb was necessary to force Japan to surrender to⁶ end World War II. Others argue that we used the bomb largely to show the Soviet Union that we were a superior world power.

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• so to

• so

• and to

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CCSS.L.11-12.1

CCSS.L.11-12.3

Although the United States and the USSR were officially allies, tension⁷between the two countries were already high.

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• the tension

• tensions

• a tension

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CCSS.L.11-12.1

A deep ideo-logical battle between the two countries—one communist, the other capitalist—was already in place; and⁸ each country was determined to outdo the other. Two years later, in 1947, President Truman established the Truman Doctrine.

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• redefined

• redetermined

• reestablished

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CCSS.L.11-12.4

CCSS.L.11-12.5

CCSS.RI.11-12.4

CCSS.RL.11-12.4

CCSS.W.11-12.2D

It created a “policy of containment,” which framed our foreign policy as a battle between “good” and “evil.” This dramatically increased the growing animosity between the two opposing sides.⁹

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• amongst the two opposing sides.

• between the two sides.

• between the opposing sides.

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CCSS.L.11-12.1

These tensions did not lead to an actual war between the world powers, which might have had disastrous results. Instead, they were the cause of years of political, economic, and diplomatic¹⁰ conflict: the Cold War.

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• political, economic and diplomatic

• political, economic, and diplomatical

• political, economic, and diplomacy

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CCSS.L.11-12.1