Evolution & Natural Selection

What is natural selection?

• inherited characteristic that increases chances of survival

• organisms with traits well suited to their environment survive and reproduce at a greater rate

• a growing population causes a scarcity of resources

• differences in the DNA sequence

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A  population of cockroaches was sprayed with an insecticide.  Some cockroaches survived and produced a population of cockroaches that was resistant to this spray.  What can BEST be inferred from this example?

• species will adapt no matter what the environment
• environment has no effect on the survival of an organism
• Individuals with favorable variations survive and reproduce
• Insecticides cause mutations that are passed on to the next generation

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A slight difference in an inherited trait between individual members of the same species.

• variations
• adapatations
• homologous structures
• analogous structures

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Structures or behaviors that help an
organism survive in its surroundings

• adaptations
• inherited traits
• learned behaviors
• structural behaviors

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New traits usually occur due to:

• Random genetic mutations

• An organism adapting

• Effects from the environment

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Check all of the options below that are SELECTION FACTORS, which determine whether a trait helps or hurts an organism. (choose more than one)

• Obtaining food

• Surviving climate changes

• Escaping predators

• Moving fast

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What happened to the peppered moth population after the Industrial Revolution?

• There were MORE LIGHT moths because the bird couldn't see them on the DARK TREES

• There were MORE DARK moths because the bird couldn't see them on the DARK TREES

• There were MORE DARK moths because the bird couldn't see them on the LIGHT TREES

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English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882).

• Darwin
• Wallace
• Linnaeus
• Lamarck

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Differences among individuals in the composition of their genes or other DNA segments.

• Natural Selection
• Derived traits
• Genetic Variation
• Adaptation

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Which organisms are most likely to survive?

• the best adapted
• the fastest
• the strongest
• the most domesticated (tamed)

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