Civil Liberties

The United States Supreme Court has used which of the following to incorporate the Bill of Rights into state law?

• The necessary and proper clause

• The 14th Amendment

• The Judiciary Act of 1789

• The Civil Rights Act of 1964

Which of the following best defines civil liberties?

• The freedom to refuse to obey laws an individual considers to be immoral violations of civil rights

• Provisions in the Bill of Rights that provide guarantees against arbitrary interference by government

• Precedents pertaining to criminal procedure that are set by the Supreme Court that are upheld in the lower courts

• Laws passed by Congress to define the powers and privileges of individuals

The clear-and-present danger test devised by the Supreme Court was designed to define the conditions under which public authorities could

• ban obscene materials

• suspend habeas corpus protections

• commit troops to situations of potential foreign combat

• limit free speech

In the case of McDonald v. Chicago (2010) the Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms for self-defense was applicable to the states. This ruling is an example of the application of the doctrine of

• Strict scrutiny

• Stare decisis

• Selective incorporation

• Literalism

The establishment clause in the First Amendment does which of the following?

• Prohibits the setting up of a state church.

• Guarantees freedom of speech to all citizens.

• Prevents prior restraint of the press.

• Defines the concept of dual citizenship.

To which level of government did the Bill of Rights originally apply?

• State governments only

• Federal government only

• State and federal governments only

• Local, state, and federal governments

Which of the following would most likely be protected by the First Amendment?

• A student wears a black armband at school to protest government involvement in a war.

• A reporter knowingly publishes a false story that injures the subject’s reputation.

• An individual issues a threat against another individual on social media.

• An individual spray paints graffiti on a public building to protest a government action.

Which of the following best illustrates the protection of an individual’s Fifth Amendment rights?

• An appeals court rules that a lower court imposed excessive punishment on an individual who broke a law.

• A judge blocks an attempt by law enforcement to search a home without probable cause.

• After arrest, a suspect is informed of the right to remain silent during interrogation.

• During a time of war, soldiers are not quartered in a person’s home without the consent of the owner.

The free-exercise clause protects

• the president from forcibly revealing private conversations with staff

• individuals who, for religious reasons, refuse to pay Social Security taxes

• a person’s right to burn the American flag

• voluntary prayer by student groups before school

In Gideon v. Wainwright, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the

• Sixth Amendment right-to-counsel provision applies to those accused of major crimes under state laws

• Bible could be distributed at public schools under the free exercise clause of the First Amendment

• exclusionary rule prevented the introduction of evidence seized in violation of the Fourth Amendment from being introduced in court

• Eighth Amendment cruel-and-unusual-punishment provision cannot be applied in a discriminatory manner