We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are

endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life,

Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.—That to secure these rights, Governments are

instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. . .

—U.S. Declaration of Independence, 1776

The greatest influence on these political ideas came from the —

• Justinian Code

• writings of John Locke

• philosophy of Machiavelli

• theories of Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Tags

19C

28E

Which of the following was a major consequence of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain?

• Trade agreements were broken as the country became more self-reliant.

• Harsh working conditions in factories caused a decrease in population.

• Many people moved from rural areas to cities in search of work.

• Trade schools increased economic opportunities for women.

Tags

8A

Which factor contributed to Europe’s Commercial Revolution in the sixteenth century?

• The application of mercantilist principles to regulate trade with colonies

• The nationalization of agriculture through the seizure of aristocratic lands

• The formation of financial institutions controlled by the church

• The transition from feudal production to modern industrial techniques

Tags

7F

Martin Luther’s posting of his Ninety-five Theses in 1517 led to —

• a decline in the expansion of overseas colonies

• the beginning of the Crusades in the Middle East

• a decline in the authority of the Catholic Church

• the emergence of absolute monarchies

Tags

5B

The main reason for the loss of lives described in the excerpt is that American Indians —

• were shipped to Europe as slaves

• experienced a series of famines

• exhausted their supplies of natural resources

• were not immune to European diseases

Tags

7B

28E

The Renaissance was a major turning point in world history. Which event most

contributed to the beginning of the Renaissance?

• the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks

• the rediscovery of ancient texts by Italian humanist scholars

• the criticism of the sale of indulgences by the Catholic Church

• the temporary move of the Papacy from Rome to Avignon

Tags

1D

Which was a major reason for the expansion of Europe during the period 1450 to 1750?

• Europeans wanted to exploit the resources found in the Americas.

• Native Americans asked Europeans to provide them with new technologies.

• European rulers were seeking a place to settle excess population.

• Europeans sought to learn about Native American cultures.

Tags

1D

Which of the following combinations best completes the table?

• introduced European technologies — decreased local production

• disrupted local African cultures — helped to grow cash crops for export

• spread new diseases — spread Islamic beliefs

• spread the Christian religion — raised local standards of living

Tags

7C

How did the American and French Revolutions differ?

• Americans cut their ties to a distant monarch; the French overthrew their monarchy

  at home.

• The American Revolution led to violence and warfare; the French Revolution was

  peaceful and orderly.

• The American Revolution established a democratic form of government; the

  French Revolution never attempted to establish a democracy.

• The French Revolution took away the privileges of the nobility and the Catholic

  Church; the American Revolution preserved hereditary social privileges.

Tags

9A

Which best completes the table above?

• French nobles manage to preserve their privileges.

• Louis XVI successfully dissolves the Estates General.

• Austria declares war on France.

• Representatives of the Third Estate form the National Assembly.

Tags

9A