Day 14: Virulence Factors

Botulinum toxin is an example of a(n):

• Carbohydrate

• Exotoxin

• Endotoxin

• LPS

Which of the following would be a sign of an infection?

• Muscle aches

• Fever

• Headache

• Dizziness

The ______ is the time that lapses between encounter with a pathogen and the first symptoms

• Period of convalescence

• Period of invasion

• Period of incubation

• Prodromal period

Endotoxins are associated with Gram-negative bacteria and are part of their cell _______ and are released when the cell ________/___________, while exotoxins are produced and released by Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria and are called _________ if they affect the nervous system and _________ if they affect the digestive system.

• membrane; shrivels/enlarges; leukocidins; hemolysins

• walls; divides/dies; neurotoxins; enterotoxins

• cycle; shrivels/enlarges; hemolysins; leukocidins

• flagella; divides/dies; enterotoxins; neurotoxins

A short period early in a disease that manifests with general malaise and achiness is the:

• Period of convalescence

• Period of incubation

• Prodromal period

• Period of invasion

Which of the following applies to hyaluronidase?

• It acts as a spreading factor

• It is produced by immune cells to target pathogens

• It is an example of an adhesin

• It promotes blood clotting

Pathogen A has an ID₅₀ of 50 particles, Pathogen B has an ID₅₀ of 1000 particles, and Pathogen C has an ID₅₀ of 1X10⁶ particles.  Which pathogen is most virulent?

• A

• B

• All are equally virulent

• C

Which of the following is not a portal of entry for pathogens?

• Blood

• Parenteral route

• Mucous membranes of the respiratory tract

• Mucous membranes of the GI tract

Which of the following choices lists the steps of pathogenesis in the correct order?

• invasion, infection, adhesion, exposure

• adhesion, exposure, infection, invasion

• exposure, adhesion, invasion, infection

• disease, infection, exposure, invasion

A positive antibody test for HIV would be a ______ of infection

• Symptom

• Syndrome

• Sequela

• Sign