Unit 3 Review - Sophie Moon

information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations.

• Bottom-up Processing

• Top-down processing

• Perception

• Selective Attention

the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time.

• Signal Detection Theory

• Subliminal

• Absolute Threshold

• Priming

the conversion of one form of energy into another. In sensation, this is the transformation of sights, sounds, and smells into neural impulses our brain can interpret.

• Transduction

• Wavelength

• Amplitude

• Pitch

the ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye and that controls the size of the pupil opening.

• Retina

• Lens

• Pupil

• Iris

the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye that contains the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of transduction for vision.

• Rods

• Lens

• Retina

• Cones

retinal receptors that are concentrated near the center of the retina that detect colors and details and that function in the daylight or in well-lit conditions. The human eye has around 6 million cones.

• Cones

• Rods

• Retina

• Fovea

the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain.

• Optic Nerve

• Blind Spot

• Fovea

• Pupil

specialized neurons that connect to the bipolar cells. The bundled axons of the ganglion cells form the optic nerve.

• Feature Detectors

• Bipolar Cells

• Optic Nerve

• Ganglion Cells

a condition in which nearby objects are seen clearly but distant objects are blurred because light rays reflecting from them converge in front of the retina.

• Acuity

• Nearsightedness

• Young-Helmoltz trichomatic

• Farsightedness

a tone’s highness or lowness. The shorter the waves, the higher the pitch; the longer the waves, the lower the pitch.

• Frequency

• Amplitude

• Audition

• Pitch