Unit 5 Cognition Psych MEGA review

A mental grouping of similar things, events or people is called a(n):

• Prototype
• Concept
• Algorithm
• Heuristic

Confirmation bias refers to the tendency to:

• Allow preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning
• Cling to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
• Search randomly through alternative solutions when problem solving
• Look for information that is consistent with one’s beliefs

Airline reservations typically decline after a highly publicized airplane crash because people overestimate the incidence of such disasters. In such instances, people’s decisions are being influenced by:

• Belief bias
• The availability heuristic
• The representativeness heuristic
• Functional fixedness

96% of people fall within 30 points of what IQ score?

• 80
• 90
• 100
• 110

A teacher asks students to think of as many uses for a brick as possible. By listing 50 uses, most of which the class finds new and unusual, Susan is displaying

• Computational learning
• Paired-associate learning
• Hypothetical thinking
• Divergent thinking

Which of the following types of tests is designed to measure an individual’s knowledge of a subject?

• Achievement
• Attitude
• Aptitude
• Projective

On a fishing trip, Ed realizes that he has mistakenly packed the sewing box instead of the tackle box. He wants to fish but returns home because he does not have any lines or hooks. Ed’s failure to realize that sewing thread can be used as fishing line and that a bent needle can be used as a hook is an example of

• Cognitive accommodation
• Backward masking
• Functional fixedness
• Proactive interference

A person with lower than average intelligence who has an amazing, unusual mental skill is known as a

• genius
• savant
• prodigy
• freak

Validity means that 

• a test measures what it is supposed to measure
• that a test has been tested on many subjects
• a test measures both aptitude and acheivement
• scores are the same no matter who grades the test

The most commonly used individual intelligence test is 

• ASVAB
• Stanford-Binet
• Jensen culture free assessment
• Wechsler Intelligence Scales