The idea that some communities or populations have less access to computing than others, typically due to limitations of Internet speed or computer hardware access.

• open access

• crowdsourcing

• citizen science

• digital divide

A model in which many online users combine efforts to help fund projects, generate ideas, or create goods or services (like Wikipedia).

• crowdsourcing

• citizen science

• Creative Commons

• open access

Crowdsourcing for science! The participation of volunteers from the public in a scientific research project (like collecting rain samples or counting butterflies).

• crowdsourcing

• citizen science

• Creative Commons

• open access

Information about an individual that can be used to uniquely identify them (directly or indirectly).

• PII (Personally identifiable information)

• multifactor authentication (MFA)

• username

• open access

A method of user authentication which requires the user to present multiple pieces of evidence in multiple categories (such as knowledge and possession).

• encryption

• open access

• cookie

• multifactor authentication (MFA)

The process of scrambling data to prevent unauthorized access.

• encryption

• multifactor authentication

• Personally identifiable information

• open access

A technique for encrypting data where the same key is used to both encrypt and decrypt data.

• symmetric encryption

• hashing

• asymmetric encryption

• advanced encryption

A small amount of text that tracks information about a user visiting a website.

• bit

• byte

• cookie

• brownie

A type of computer malware that can make copies of itself.

• Ddos

• rogue access point

• virus

• phishing