Psychology-Social Psychology

Whenever Danny aces a test, he thinks it is because he studied hard, but

when he fails a test he thinks it’s because the teacher did not explain

the topics well enough. This is an example of:

• Fundamental attribution error

• Self-serving bias

• Self schema

• External attribution error

According to the theory of cognitive dissonance, attitudes are changed

because:

• Logical arguments compel us to alter our attitudes.

• Emotionally persuasive arguments motivate us to change our

  thought process.

• A state of tension motivates us to change our cognitive

  inconsistencies by making our beliefs more consistent.

• When our beliefs and behaviors are too similar it causes an

  unpleasant psychological state of tension.

Which of the following is an example of ethnocentrism?

• Believing that your culture’s cuisine is the best.

• Believing that everyone from a certain region is a bad driver.

• Only working with people from your own culture.

• Feeling dislike for someone based on their ethnicity.

In Milgram’s experiment, subjects who gave large shocks rationalized

that they were not personally responsible for their actions. This raises

questions about our willingness to commit inhumane acts as a result

of:

• Expert influence

• Obedience to authority

• Conformity to group pressure

• Individual Compliance

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a collectivist culture?

• Emphasis on working as a group

• Central role for families and communities

• Importance placed on doing what’s best for society

• Emphasis on self-sufficiency

In a situation in which an individual is having a seizure on the street,

helping could be inhibited by which of the following concepts?

• Groupthink

• Social comparison theory

• Diffusion of responsibility

• Compliance

When making the “attribution error,” we tend to overestimate the

importance of ____________ when judging the behaviors of others.

• Situational factors

• Intelligence

• Personal factors

• Attitude

Jennifer wants to purchase a face cream to help moisturize and clear her

skin. She sees two advertisements for different brands of face cream.

One of the advertisements features her favorite actor and celebrity

crush. Although the advertisements both mention similar features for

each product, Jennifer decides to buy the cream that features the actor.

This type of method to influence behavior is known as:

• Foot-in-the-door phenomenon

• Central route persuasion

• Peripheral route persuasion

• Cognitive dissonance

Which of the following scenarios is an example of deindividuation?

• Cindy finds that working in her group brings high levels of

  performance compared to students who work alone.

• Mindy forms a study group because she wants academic help,

  social support, and motivation.

• Amy has a poor running performance in competition; she

  performs even worse in front of a larger crowd.

• Torrie honks her horn loudly for quite a while because she has

  little chance of being personally identified.

Mike has assured his mother that he will never get into a car with

someone who has been drinking. But then he is out one night with a

bunch of friends who have been drinking and he decides to come along

for a ride with them after a long discussion. This change in Mike’s

judgment is known as:

• Compliance

• Groupthink

• Group polarization

• Social comparison