Chapter 13 and 14 Vocabulary ES

A type of mining in which vertical shafts are dug deep into the ground and networks of horizontal tunnels are dug or blasted out to follow deposits of a resource

• Subsurface mining

• Surface mining

• Open pit mining

The return of water from the atmosphere to Earth’s surface in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail 81; the process of separating a solid substance (precipitate) from a solution

• Polymorph

• Precipitation

• Evaporation

An inorganic solid that has an orderly crystalline structure and a specific chemical composition

• Rock

• Organic

• Mineral

A type of mining pollution that occurs when oxygen and rainwater react with newly exposed rock that contains iron sulfide, forming sulfuric acid that removes metals from rocks and leaches into groundwater or enters water bodies as runoff

• Acid Drainage

• Runoff Drainage

• Smelting

a type of mining in which a large hole (versus a shaft or tunnel) is dug to extract ore and the rock around it

• Open pit mining

• Mountaintop removal

• Placer Mining

A type of mining in which plants and soil are removed from the top of a mountain and then explosives are used to reach seams of coal

• Open pit mining

• Mountaintop removal

• Subsurface mining

A type of mining in which plants and soil are removed from the top of a mountain and then explosives are used to reach seams of coal

• Open pit mining

• Mountaintop removal

• Placer mining

A type of mining that involves sifting through sand and gravel in a riverbed or streambed to extract metals, minerals, or precious stones

• Placer mining

• Open pit mining

• Subsurface mining

The waste produced in processing ore

• Smelting

• Tailings

• Acid Drainage

A type of mining in which layers of surface soil and rock are removed from large areas to expose the resource

• Strip mining

• Subsurface mining

• Open pit mining