Dates - Turning Points

Mongols capture Baghdad; Fragmentation of the Abbasid Caliphate.

• 1258

• 1271

• 1324

Mongol conquest of the Song Dynasty.

• 1258

• 1271

• 1279

Ottomans capture Constantinople; Byzantine Empire collapses

• 1433

• 1453

• 1492

Christopher Columbus' first voyage.

• 1258

• 1492

• 1433

• 1453

Martin Luther posted the Ninety-five Theses; Protestant Reformation begins.

• 1514

• 1517

• 1521

• 1532

Spanish Armada defeated; Britain emerges as world-class naval power.

• 1521

• 1532

• 1588

Declaration of Independence signed.

• 1789

• 1799

• 1776

• 1763

Storming of the Bastille; French Revolution begins; Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen written and adopted.

• 1789

• 1799

• 1776

• 1763

French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte is defeated at Waterloo.

• 1799

• 1804

• 1814

• 1815

Sepoy (Indian) Rebellion; Mughal Dynasty overthrown and British Raj begins.

• 1848

• 1857

• 1884

• 1839