GCSE Topic 4 - UK's Evolving Physical Landscapes - Quiz 1

Sketch out the rock cycle and add these labels: Sedimentary, Igneous, Metamorphic, Weathering, Precepitation, Erosion, Transportation, Deposition. Compaction. Cementation, Melting, Heat, Pressure, Lava, Volcano, Magma, Solidification

Answer explanation

___________ rocks are formed of small particles that have been eroded, transported and deposited in layers. Over time these become compacted and cememnted together e.g. limestone and chalk.

Existing rocks that have been changed due to extreme pressure or heat are called ___________ rocks. These usually comprise of layers or bands of crystals e.g. slate.

_______ rocks are created by volcanic activity when magma or lava cools, forming rocks made of crystal e.g. granite.

What are the two most likely categories of rock to be found in upland areas of the UK e.g. The Lake District or The Pennines

• Igneous

• Sedimentary

• Metamorphic

What category of rock is most likely to be found in lowland areas of the UK e.g. The Weald?

• Igneous

• Sedimentary

• Metamorphic

What category of rock is in the geology under the city of London?

• Igenous

• Sedimentary

• Metamorphic

The Pennines an area of upland (known as fells) in central England characteristed by limestone geology; consisting of crushed shells of coral that lived in tropical sees 300 million years ago. Explain, in relation to tectonic processes, how it is possible that these shells have come to be located here.

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Explain why the few examples of igneous rocks found in the UK are very old compared to our sedimentary rocks. (4)

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Answer explanation

The UK is a long way from an active tctonic plate margin. Therefore, there is no new creation of igenous rocks currently as there are no active volcanoes near to our location. As a result the igenous rocks that are found in the UK were created millions of years ago at a time of intense volcanicity. In comparison we have a lot of sedimentary rock due to the British Isles once being closer to the Equaotr meaning that there were many shallow toprical seas covering large areas of the landmass allowing the accumulation of dead corals and marine life to create sedimentary rock.

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