History and evolution evidence

What is a species?

• A group of organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring. 
• A group of organisms that genetically are very different from each other. 
• A group of organisms that can mate and produce offspring even if those offspring are infertile.
• Indiviual organisms that live in the same environment. 

which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?

• the wings of a red-tailed hawk
• the hind limbs of a house cat
• the fins of sharks
• the wings of an ostrich

What is suggested by the similarity of early embryos of different species of vertebrates?

• no evolutionary relationships between the groups
• all vertebrates share a common ancestor that did not have a spinal cord.
• similar environments in the past
• evolution from a distant common ancestor

Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures.  These are known as

• vestigial structures
• analogous structures
• homologous structures
• fossil structures

If an organism has a vestigial structure, that structure likely once had a function in a(n) (that means it worked in a common ancestor :)

• close relative
• early ancestor
• unrelated organism
• embryological stage

Structures that have different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissue are called 

• analagous
• adaptations
• homologous
• fossils

A farmer's use of the best livestock for breeding is an example of

• natural selection
• artificial selection
• extinction
• adaptation

Which process produced the two different types of beaks in the ground finch and the tree finch?

• artificial selection
• geographical distribution
• natural selection
• disuse of the beak

Structures with the same parts have different functions; suggests that organisms share a common ancestry

• vestigial structures
• homologous structures
• adaptive radiation
• fossil

Process in which certain organisms are chosen based on their genotype and phenotype to produce offspring with the most desirable traits

• Selection
• Artificial selection
• Natural selection
• Evolution